Hypotheses testing
| Hypotheses | Beta coefficients | Proposed effects | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effect | |||
| DT modelling Experience continuous use (H1) | 0.182*** | + | Supported |
| DT modeling experience Perceived usefulness (H2a) | 0.553*** | + | Supported |
| Perceived usefulness Continuous use (H2b) | 0.330*** | + | Supported |
| DT modeling experience Perceived ease of use (H3a) | 0.127*** | + | Supported |
| Perceived ease of use Continuous use (H3b) | 0.150 | + | Not Supported |
| Mediating effect of perceived usefulness (H2) | 0.007 | + | Supported |
| Mediating effect of perceived ease of use (H3) | −0.006 | + | Not Supported |
| Moderating effect | |||
| PUS*DCP Continuous use (H4) | 0.058** | + | Supported |
| PEU*DCP Continuous use (H5) | −0.011 | + | Not Supported |
| Note(s): ***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05 | |||
| Hypotheses | Beta coefficients | Proposed effects | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| DT modelling | 0.182*** | + | Supported |
| DT modeling experience | 0.553*** | + | Supported |
| Perceived usefulness | 0.330*** | + | Supported |
| DT modeling experience | 0.127*** | + | Supported |
| Perceived ease of use | 0.150 | + | Not Supported |
| Mediating effect of perceived usefulness (H2) | 0.007 | + | Supported |
| Mediating effect of perceived ease of use ( | −0.006 | + | Not Supported |
| PUS*DCP | 0.058** | + | Supported |
| PEU*DCP | −0.011 | + | Not Supported |
| Indirect effects of digital twin modeling experience on students’ continuous use via perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use at ±1 SD of digital competency (N = 788) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | BootSE | BootLLCI | BootULCI | |
| Perceived usefulness | ||||
| −1 SD | 0.050 | 0.015 | 0.022 | 0.081 |
| M | 0.064 | 0.018 | 0.031 | 0.103 |
| +1 SD | 0.072 | 0.021 | 0.033 | 0.116 |
| Perceived ease of use | ||||
| −1 SD | 0.077 | 0.033 | 0.013 | 0.141 |
| M | 0.065 | 0.027 | 0.012 | 0.117 |
| +1 SD | 0.060 | 0.033 | −0.005 | 0.122 |
| Indirect effects of digital twin modeling experience on students’ continuous use via perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use at ±1 SD of digital competency ( | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | BootSE | BootLLCI | BootULCI | |
| −1 SD | 0.050 | 0.015 | 0.022 | 0.081 |
| M | 0.064 | 0.018 | 0.031 | 0.103 |
| +1 SD | 0.072 | 0.021 | 0.033 | 0.116 |
| −1 SD | 0.077 | 0.033 | 0.013 | 0.141 |
| M | 0.065 | 0.027 | 0.012 | 0.117 |
| +1 SD | 0.060 | 0.033 | −0.005 | 0.122 |
Note(s): BootLLCI and BootULCI = Lower level and upper level of the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped confidence interval for = 95%; bootstrapping resamples N = 5,000
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