Table 2 Summary statistics Variable N...

Table 2

Summary statistics

Variable	N	Mean	SD	Min	Median	Max
ESG	10,987	4.350	0.907	2.000	4.000	6.000
CEO_nar	10,987	9.004	0.842	6.153	9.132	10.628
Size	10,987	22.004	1.338	19.990	21.702	26.245
FirmAge	10,987	2.749	0.409	1.386	2.833	3.497
ROA	10,987	0.053	0.046	−0.126	0.051	0.194
Lev	10,987	0.370	0.204	0.039	0.351	0.845
Indep	10,987	0.377	0.053	0.333	0.364	0.571
TOP1	10,987	0.358	0.150	0.091	0.341	0.764
Board	10,987	2.107	0.190	1.609	2.197	2.639
Balance2	10,987	0.843	0.644	0.041	0.674	2.990
INST	10,987	0.324	0.252	0.000	0.286	0.885
SOE	10,987	0.193	0.395	0.000	0.000	1.000
Gdp	10,987	10.814	0.477	9.564	10.889	11.828

Variable	N	Mean	SD	Min	Median	Max
ESG	10,987	4.350	0.907	2.000	4.000	6.000
CEO_nar	10,987	9.004	0.842	6.153	9.132	10.628
Size	10,987	22.004	1.338	19.990	21.702	26.245
FirmAge	10,987	2.749	0.409	1.386	2.833	3.497
ROA	10,987	0.053	0.046	−0.126	0.051	0.194
Lev	10,987	0.370	0.204	0.039	0.351	0.845
Indep	10,987	0.377	0.053	0.333	0.364	0.571
TOP1	10,987	0.358	0.150	0.091	0.341	0.764
Board	10,987	2.107	0.190	1.609	2.197	2.639
Balance2	10,987	0.843	0.644	0.041	0.674	2.990
INST	10,987	0.324	0.252	0.000	0.286	0.885
SOE	10,987	0.193	0.395	0.000	0.000	1.000
Gdp	10,987	10.814	0.477	9.564	10.889	11.828

Note(s): Table 2 presents the results of the descriptive statistics for the final sample, which consists of 10,987 firm-year data samples over the period 2009–2022. Please refer to Table 1 for definitions of all variables

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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