Table 1 Illustrative Photovoice... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Illustrative Photovoice procedure in hospitality (EDT–SDL–PAR framework)

Step	Description	Theoretical basis
1. Recruitment	Invite hotel guests post-stay to participate voluntarily in a visual diary task	PAR – Voluntary collaboration and reflexivity
2. Orientation	Provide ethical instructions, a consent form and a briefing on taking meaningful photographs	PAR – Informed consent; SDL – Participant agency
3. Prompting	Ask guests to photograph moments where service met, exceeded or failed expectations	EDT – Focus on expectation-disconfirmation
4. Visual Data Collection	Guests take 3–5 photographs over 24 h in the hotel environment	SDL – Value-in-use creation through interaction
5. Narrative Reflection	Conduct short interviews or written reflections on why each photo was taken	SDL – Co-creation of meaning; PAR – Participant voice
6. Thematic Analysis	The researcher identifies themes across photo sets that are linked to satisfaction/disconfirmation	EDT – Analysis of expectation v. perception
7. Collaborative Validation	Share themes with participants for verification and deeper insight	PAR – Member checking; SDL – Dialogical co-creation

Step	Description	Theoretical basis
1. Recruitment	Invite hotel guests post-stay to participate voluntarily in a visual diary task	PAR – Voluntary collaboration and reflexivity
2. Orientation	Provide ethical instructions, a consent form and a briefing on taking meaningful photographs	PAR – Informed consent; SDL – Participant agency
3. Prompting	Ask guests to photograph moments where service met, exceeded or failed expectations	EDT – Focus on expectation-disconfirmation
4. Visual Data Collection	Guests take 3–5 photographs over 24 h in the hotel environment	SDL – Value-in-use creation through interaction
5. Narrative Reflection	Conduct short interviews or written reflections on why each photo was taken	SDL – Co-creation of meaning; PAR – Participant voice
6. Thematic Analysis	The researcher identifies themes across photo sets that are linked to satisfaction/disconfirmation	EDT – Analysis of expectation v. perception
7. Collaborative Validation	Share themes with participants for verification and deeper insight	PAR – Member checking; SDL – Dialogical co-creation

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