Illustrative Photovoice procedure in hospitality (EDT–SDL–PAR framework)
| Step | Description | Theoretical basis |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Recruitment | Invite hotel guests post-stay to participate voluntarily in a visual diary task | PAR – Voluntary collaboration and reflexivity |
| 2. Orientation | Provide ethical instructions, a consent form and a briefing on taking meaningful photographs | PAR – Informed consent; SDL – Participant agency |
| 3. Prompting | Ask guests to photograph moments where service met, exceeded or failed expectations | EDT – Focus on expectation-disconfirmation |
| 4. Visual Data Collection | Guests take 3–5 photographs over 24 h in the hotel environment | SDL – Value-in-use creation through interaction |
| 5. Narrative Reflection | Conduct short interviews or written reflections on why each photo was taken | SDL – Co-creation of meaning; PAR – Participant voice |
| 6. Thematic Analysis | The researcher identifies themes across photo sets that are linked to satisfaction/disconfirmation | EDT – Analysis of expectation v. perception |
| 7. Collaborative Validation | Share themes with participants for verification and deeper insight | PAR – Member checking; SDL – Dialogical co-creation |
| Step | Description | Theoretical basis |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Recruitment | Invite hotel guests post-stay to participate voluntarily in a visual diary task | PAR – Voluntary collaboration and reflexivity |
| 2. Orientation | Provide ethical instructions, a consent form and a briefing on taking meaningful photographs | PAR – Informed consent; SDL – Participant agency |
| 3. Prompting | Ask guests to photograph moments where service met, exceeded or failed expectations | EDT – Focus on expectation-disconfirmation |
| 4. Visual Data Collection | Guests take 3–5 photographs over 24 h in the hotel environment | SDL – Value-in-use creation through interaction |
| 5. Narrative Reflection | Conduct short interviews or written reflections on why each photo was taken | SDL – Co-creation of meaning; PAR – Participant voice |
| 6. Thematic Analysis | The researcher identifies themes across photo sets that are linked to satisfaction/disconfirmation | EDT – Analysis of expectation v. perception |
| 7. Collaborative Validation | Share themes with participants for verification and deeper insight | PAR – Member checking; SDL – Dialogical co-creation |
Source(s): Created by the author
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