Table 2

Simulated examples of visual-narrative coding and thematic structure

Photo descriptionParticipant narrativeInitial Code(s)ThemeTheoretical lens
Welcome note with personalized name card and local gift“This was unexpected—it felt personal and made me feel genuinely welcomed.”Personalized touch, emotional response, exceeded expectationPositive Disconfirmation of ServiceEDT
Wet bathroom floor, poor drainage“This was frustrating. I did not expect such a basic issue in a reputed hotel.”Disappointment, hygiene concern, unmet expectationsService Gap and Emotional DisruptionEDT
Concierge smiling and giving dining tips“The staff did not just do their job—they helped us experience the city better.”Value-in-use, proactive staff, experiential serviceCo-Creation of Meaningful ExperienceSDL
Selfie with lobby art“It was a beautiful place and I felt part of it—I wanted to remember this.”Place attachment, emotional connection, memory-makingEmbodied Hospitality AtmosphereSDL

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