Table 2 Measures of variables Constructs... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Measures of variables

Constructs	Items
Ethical leadership	Brown et al. (2005) My supervisor: (1) Listens to what employees have to say (2) Disciplines employees who violate ethical standards (3) Conducts his/her personal life in an ethical manner (4) Has the best interests of employees in mind (5) Makes fair and balanced decisions (6) Can be trusted (7) Discusses business ethics or values with employees (8) Sets an example of how to do things the right way in terms of ethics (9) Defines success not just by results but also the way they are obtained (10) Asks “what is the right thing to do?” when making decisions
Perceived emotional support	Stenholm and Nielsen (2019) Support and caring from supervisor had a broader meaning for me beyond the financial support during COVID-19 pandemic Support and caring from supervisor increased my beliefs of me as an important employee in this company during COVID-19 pandemic Support and caring from supervisor increased my engagement at work during COVID-19 pandemic Support and caring from supervisor encouraged me during COVID-19 pandemic
Satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses	Vo-Thanh et al. (2020) I am satisfied with the way that my company responded to COVID-19 My company did everything that it could have in response to COVID-19 My company took care of its employees’ needs resulting from COVID-19
Emotional stability	Watson and Clark (1984) To what extent do you feel this way generally during COVID-19: (1 = not at all to 5 = extremely) Excited Enthusiastic Active Alert Strong Calm and relaxed

Constructs	Items
Ethical leadership	Brown et al. (2005)My supervisor:(1) Listens to what employees have to say (2) Disciplines employees who violate ethical standards (3) Conducts his/her personal life in an ethical manner (4) Has the best interests of employees in mind (5) Makes fair and balanced decisions (6) Can be trusted (7) Discusses business ethics or values with employees (8) Sets an example of how to do things the right way in terms of ethics (9) Defines success not just by results but also the way they are obtained (10) Asks “what is the right thing to do?” when making decisions
Perceived emotional support	Stenholm and Nielsen (2019) Support and caring from supervisor had a broader meaning for me beyond the financial support during COVID-19 pandemic Support and caring from supervisor increased my beliefs of me as an important employee in this company during COVID-19 pandemic Support and caring from supervisor increased my engagement at work during COVID-19 pandemic Support and caring from supervisor encouraged me during COVID-19 pandemic
Satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses	Vo-Thanh et al. (2020) I am satisfied with the way that my company responded to COVID-19 My company did everything that it could have in response to COVID-19 My company took care of its employees’ needs resulting from COVID-19
Emotional stability	Watson and Clark (1984)To what extent do you feel this way generally during COVID-19:(1 = not at all to 5 = extremely) Excited Enthusiastic Active Alert Strong Calm and relaxed

Source(s): Authors’ own work