Table 4

Model comparison analysis

Constructs/modelχ2df△χ2χ2/dfGFICFIRMSEA
Thresholds   <3>0.90>0.90<0.08
Hypothesized model530.880224 2.3700.9110.9100.078
Three-factor model1868.6672271337.787***8.2320.8090.8730.097
Three-factor model2017.0842271486.204***8.8860.7920.8620.102
Three-factor model2600.0692272069.189***11.4540.7260.8170.117
Two-factor model2722.4282292182.678***12.4600.7140.8010.129
Two-factor model2831.2122292283.222***12.3390.7110.8110.125
One-factor model3195.9742302665.094***13.8960.6870.7710.130

Note(s): n = 765, **p < 0.01, “GFI = goodness-of-fit index, CFI = comparative fit index, RMSEA = root-mean-square error of approximation

One-factor model: combine all constructs

Two-factor model: combine ethical leadership with perceived emotional support, satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses with employee emotional stability

Two-factor model: combine ethical leadership with “satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses”, perceived emotional support with employee emotional stability

Three-factor model: combine ethical leadership with perceived emotional support

Three-factor model: combine ethical leadership with “satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses”

Three-factor model: combine “satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses” with employee emotional stability

Hypothesized model: include ethical leadership, perceived emotional support, “satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses” and employee emotional stability

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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