Revisiting the characteristics of the digital twin of a product and the digital twin of an after-sales service based on the case findings
| Similarity/Difference | Characteristic | Digital twin of a PRODUCT | Digital twin of a SERVICE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Similarity | Physical system (modeled system) | Physical system + elements of environment (Parrott and Warshaw, 2017; Pang et al., 2021) for the product enabling value generation | Some physical elements +activities and interactions related to the value generation |
| Difference | Physical environment/place of consumption (VanDerHorn and Mahadevan, 2021) | Inside and outside of the organization, essentially inside the factories and assembly lines | Frontline mainly, essentially outside factories and assembly lines long chain (regional logistics hub and country units) with independent distributors |
| Similarity | Virtual representation | Data and computational models for the physical objects, environment and processes (Jones et al., 2019; VanDerHorn and Mahadevan, 2021) | Data and computational models for the physical objects, environment and processes (Jones et al., 2019; VanDerHorn and Mahadevan, 2021) |
| Similarity | Information interconnection | Physical-to-virtual and virtual-to-physical product connection (VanDerHorn and Mahadevan, 2021) | Physical-to-virtual and virtual-to-service-process connection |
| Difference | Data transfer | Digital and manual (VanDerHorn and Mahadevan, 2021) | Mainly manual, digital requires totally new approach to sensors on the machine and use of, e.g. wearable technologies to gather/transfer data on the operator activities |
| Difference | Purpose | Management and control of the use of machine | Management, control and development of the service process activities |
| Similarity/Difference | Characteristic | Digital twin of a PRODUCT | Digital twin of a SERVICE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical system (modeled system) | Physical system + elements of environment ( | Some physical elements +activities and interactions related to the value generation | |
| Physical environment/place of consumption ( | Inside and outside of the organization, essentially inside the factories and assembly lines | Frontline mainly, essentially outside factories and assembly lines long chain (regional logistics hub and country units) with independent distributors | |
| Virtual representation | Data and computational models for the physical objects, environment and processes ( | Data and computational models for the physical objects, environment and processes ( | |
| Information interconnection | Physical-to-virtual and virtual-to-physical product connection ( | Physical-to-virtual and virtual-to-service-process connection | |
| Data transfer | Digital and manual ( | Mainly manual, digital requires totally new approach to sensors on the machine and use of, e.g. wearable technologies to gather/transfer data on the operator activities | |
| Purpose | Management and control of the use of machine | Management, control and development of the service process activities |
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