Table A1. The instrument of the...

Table A1.

The instrument of the study/source: author’s creation

Variable	Item#	Question	Link
GPT-PC	GPT-PC1	“The features of GPT are adaptable to meet my individual needs”	Guilabert (2005)
	GPT-PC2	“The technology utilized allows for a high degree of customization to align with my requirements”
	GPT-PC3	“It seems that the services offered by GPT models are highly customizable”
	GPT-PC4	“GPT is tailored to suit my specific needs”
GPT-GS	GPT-GS1	“I learned new concepts while using the GPT simulation”	Unver et al. (2017)
	GPT-GS2	“The simulation provided various ways to enhance my coding skills through GPT models”
	GPT-GS3	“Experiencing the simulation was clear, straightforward, and easy to comprehend”
	GPT-GS4	“GPT simulations are tailored to match my specific level of knowledge and skills”
	GPT-GS5	“The simulations in GPT accurately reflect my prompts”
GPT-C	GPT-C1	“The process of creating an account or logging in requires significant time and effort”	Paré and Sicotte (2001)
	GPT-C2	“I find the dictation, audio, and video input system in GPT models to be complex”
	GPT-C3	“Switching between GPT modes is quite sophisticated”
	GPT-C4	“Choosing the correct mode I want to use is challenging”
GPT-PR	GPT-PR1	“I feel insecure when using GPT”	Chiu et al. (2014)
	GPT-PR2	“I worry that utilizing GPT might lead to accusations of plagiarism”	Sallam et al. (2023)
	GPT-PR3	“The information provided by GPT could potentially be misleading or unreliable”
	GPT-PR4	“There is a concern that the use of GPT models may unintentionally introduce or perpetuate biases in the coding skills enhancement process”
	GPT-PR5	“Using GPT could likely result in a loss of control over the privacy of my personal and payment information”	Giovanis et al. (2012)
GPT-PEU	GPT-PEU1	“I find GPT models to be user-friendly tools”	Yilmaz et al. (2023)
	GPT-PEU2	“Using GPT models is straightforward”.them to do”
	GPT-PEU3	“It is easy for me to get GPT models to accomplish what I need”
GPT-PU	GPT-PU1	“I can quickly and easily find the information I need with the help of GPT”	Yilmaz et al. (2023)
	GPT-PU2	“For answering my questions, GPT serves as a valuable resource”
	GPT-PU3	“My ability to enhance coding skills is significantly improved with GPT”
	GPT-PU4	“By using GPT, I will save time in my coding skills development”	Mathwick et al. (2010)
CSE	CSE1	“To enhance my coding skills, I currently use GPT as a supportive tool”	Bergdahl et al. (2020)
	CSE2	“In the future, I envision utilizing GPT for my coding skills development”	Shaikh et al. (2023)
	CSE3	“I believe that many students and professionals will rely on GPT for coding skills enhancement in the future”
	CSE4	“When I incorporate GPT models into my coding process, I find that my knowledge retention improves significantly”
	CSE5	“The use of GPT models greatly optimizes my experience in developing coding skills”	Bergdahl et al. (2020)

Variable	Item#	Question	Link
GPT-PC	GPT-PC1	“The features of GPT are adaptable to meet my individual needs”	Guilabert (2005)
	GPT-PC2	“The technology utilized allows for a high degree of customization to align with my requirements”
	GPT-PC3	“It seems that the services offered by GPT models are highly customizable”
	GPT-PC4	“GPT is tailored to suit my specific needs”
GPT-GS	GPT-GS1	“I learned new concepts while using the GPT simulation”	Unver et al. (2017)
	GPT-GS2	“The simulation provided various ways to enhance my coding skills through GPT models”
	GPT-GS3	“Experiencing the simulation was clear, straightforward, and easy to comprehend”
	GPT-GS4	“GPT simulations are tailored to match my specific level of knowledge and skills”
	GPT-GS5	“The simulations in GPT accurately reflect my prompts”
GPT-C	GPT-C1	“The process of creating an account or logging in requires significant time and effort”	Paré and Sicotte (2001)
	GPT-C2	“I find the dictation, audio, and video input system in GPT models to be complex”
	GPT-C3	“Switching between GPT modes is quite sophisticated”
	GPT-C4	“Choosing the correct mode I want to use is challenging”
GPT-PR	GPT-PR1	“I feel insecure when using GPT”	Chiu et al. (2014)
	GPT-PR2	“I worry that utilizing GPT might lead to accusations of plagiarism”	Sallam et al. (2023)
	GPT-PR3	“The information provided by GPT could potentially be misleading or unreliable”
	GPT-PR4	“There is a concern that the use of GPT models may unintentionally introduce or perpetuate biases in the coding skills enhancement process”
	GPT-PR5	“Using GPT could likely result in a loss of control over the privacy of my personal and payment information”	Giovanis et al. (2012)
GPT-PEU	GPT-PEU1	“I find GPT models to be user-friendly tools”	Yilmaz et al. (2023)
	GPT-PEU2	“Using GPT models is straightforward”.them to do”
	GPT-PEU3	“It is easy for me to get GPT models to accomplish what I need”
GPT-PU	GPT-PU1	“I can quickly and easily find the information I need with the help of GPT”	Yilmaz et al. (2023)
	GPT-PU2	“For answering my questions, GPT serves as a valuable resource”
	GPT-PU3	“My ability to enhance coding skills is significantly improved with GPT”
	GPT-PU4	“By using GPT, I will save time in my coding skills development”	Mathwick et al. (2010)
CSE	CSE1	“To enhance my coding skills, I currently use GPT as a supportive tool”	Bergdahl et al. (2020)
	CSE2	“In the future, I envision utilizing GPT for my coding skills development”	Shaikh et al. (2023)
	CSE3	“I believe that many students and professionals will rely on GPT for coding skills enhancement in the future”
	CSE4	“When I incorporate GPT models into my coding process, I find that my knowledge retention improves significantly”
	CSE5	“The use of GPT models greatly optimizes my experience in developing coding skills”	Bergdahl et al. (2020)

Note(s): Minor adjustments were made to all items to align with the study’s purpose

Source(s): Author’s creation

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