Direct, indirect and total effects on individual and team innovativeness
| Mediator | Predictor | Individual innovativeness | Team innovativeness | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | S.E. | t | p | 95%CI | β | S.E. | t | p | 95%CI | ||
| TSE-THNK | TP-CCS | 0.09 | 0.01 | 6.39 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.12] | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.66 | 0.10 | [0.00, 0.04] |
| TSE-TCHN | TP-CCS | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.99 | 0.05 | [−0.03, 0] | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.55 | 0.12 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| Direct | TP-CCS | 0.04 | 0.02 | 1.69 | 0.09 | [−0.01, 0.08] | 0.09 | 0.02 | 3.70 | 0.00 | [0.04, 0.14] |
| Total | 0.12 | 0.03 | 4.69 | 0.00 | [0.07, 0.16] | 0.11 | 0.04 | 3.28 | 0.00 | [0.05, 0.18] | |
| TSE-THNK | TP-ICT | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.58 | [−0.01, 0.02] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.55 | [0.00, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TP-ICT | 0.07 | 0.01 | 6.08 | 0.00 | [0.05, 0.09] | −0.03 | 0.01 | −2.88 | 0.00 | [−0.05, −0.01] |
| Direct | TP-ICT | 0.10 | 0.02 | 4.61 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.14] | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.84 | [−0.03, 0.04] |
| Total | 0.17 | 0.02 | 7.64 | 0.00 | [0.13, 0.22] | −0.03 | 0.02 | −1.19 | 0.24 | [−0.07, 0.02] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPD-ICT | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.34 | 0.18 | [−0.03, 0.01] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.87 | 0.39 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPD-ICT | −0.04 | 0.02 | −2.83 | 0.01 | [−0.07, −0.01] | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.87 | 0.06 | [0.00, 0.04] |
| Direct | TPD-ICT | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.93 | 0.35 | [−0.10, 0.04] | 0.03 | 0.01 | 2.36 | 0.02 | [0.01, 0.06] |
| Total | −0.09 | 0.05 | −1.64 | 0.10 | [−0.19, 0.02] | 0.05 | 0.02 | 3.21 | 0.00 | [0.02, 0.08] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPD-CCS | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.43 | 0.67 | [−0.03, 0.02] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.45 | 0.65 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPD-CCS | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.02 | 0.31 | [−0.01, 0.02] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.91 | 0.37 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| Direct | TPD-CCS | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.63 | 0.53 | [−0.04, 0.02] | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 0.49 | [−0.03, 0.06] |
| Total | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.36 | 0.72 | [−0.07, 0.05] | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 0.58 | [−0.03, 0.05] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPD-INV | −0.03 | 0.01 | −3.18 | 0.00 | [−0.05, −0.01] | −0.01 | 0.00 | −1.35 | 0.18 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPD-INV | −0.02 | 0.01 | −3.03 | 0.00 | [−0.04, −0.01] | 0.01 | 0.01 | 2.23 | 0.03 | [0.00, 0.02] |
| Direct | TPD-INV | −0.13 | 0.02 | −5.60 | 0.00 | [−0.17, −0.08] | −0.04 | 0.01 | −2.55 | 0.01 | [−0.06, −0.01] |
| Total | −0.18 | 0.03 | −5.26 | 0.00 | [−0.25, −0.11] | −0.03 | 0.02 | −2.05 | 0.04 | [−0.06, 0.00] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPP-TEAM | 0.03 | 0.01 | 3.36 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.05] | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.63 | 0.10 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPP-TEAM | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.18 | 0.03 | [0, 0.03] | −0.01 | 0.00 | −1.91 | 0.06 | [−0.02, 0.00] |
| Direct | TPP-TEAM | 0.22 | 0.04 | 5.93 | 0.00 | [0.15, 0.29] | 0.13 | 0.04 | 3.78 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.20] |
| Total | 0.27 | 0.04 | 6.99 | 0.00 | [0.19, 0.34] | 0.13 | 0.04 | 3.65 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.20] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPP-EXCH | 0.03 | 0.01 | 3.10 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.04] | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.56 | 0.12 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPP-EXCH | 0.04 | 0.01 | 3.04 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.06] | −0.02 | 0.01 | −2.10 | 0.04 | [−0.03, 0.00] |
| Direct | TPP-EXCH | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.36 | 0.72 | [−0.06, 0.04] | 0.08 | 0.03 | 2.43 | 0.02 | [0.02, 0.15] |
| Total | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.47 | 0.14 | [−0.02, 0.12] | 0.07 | 0.04 | 2.00 | 0.05 | [0.00, 0.14] | |
| TSE-THNK | CLASSAUT | 0.04 | 0.01 | 5.03 | 0.00 | [0.03, 0.06] | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.64 | 0.10 | [0.00, 0.02] |
| TSE-TCHN | CLASSAUT | 0.03 | 0.01 | 3.89 | 0.00 | [0.02, 0.05] | −0.02 | 0.01 | −2.38 | 0.02 | [−0.03, 0.00] |
| Direct | CLASSAUT | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.61 | 0.54 | [−0.05, 0.03] | 0.10 | 0.02 | 4.65 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.15] |
| Total | 0.07 | 0.03 | 2.57 | 0.01 | [0.02, 0.12] | 0.10 | 0.02 | 4.37 | 0.00 | [0.05, 0.14] | |
| TSE-THNK | PARTICPT | 0.02 | 0.01 | 3.20 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.03] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.51 | 0.13 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| TSE-TCHN | PARTICPT | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.42 | 0.68 | [−0.02, 0.01] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.69 | [−0.01, 0.01] |
| Direct | PARTICPT | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.69 | 0.49 | [−0.06, 0.03] | 0.31 | 0.02 | 14.15 | 0.00 | [0.27, 0.36] |
| Total | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.97 | [−0.05, 0.06] | 0.32 | 0.02 | 14.59 | 0.00 | [0.28, 0.36] | |
| Mediator | Predictor | Individual innovativeness | Team innovativeness | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | S.E. | t | 95%CI | β | S.E. | t | 95%CI | ||||
| TSE-THNK | TP-CCS | 0.09 | 0.01 | 6.39 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.12] | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.66 | 0.10 | [0.00, 0.04] |
| TSE-TCHN | TP-CCS | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.99 | 0.05 | [−0.03, 0] | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.55 | 0.12 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| Direct | TP-CCS | 0.04 | 0.02 | 1.69 | 0.09 | [−0.01, 0.08] | 0.09 | 0.02 | 3.70 | 0.00 | [0.04, 0.14] |
| Total | 0.12 | 0.03 | 4.69 | 0.00 | [0.07, 0.16] | 0.11 | 0.04 | 3.28 | 0.00 | [0.05, 0.18] | |
| TSE-THNK | TP-ICT | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.58 | [−0.01, 0.02] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.55 | [0.00, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TP-ICT | 0.07 | 0.01 | 6.08 | 0.00 | [0.05, 0.09] | −0.03 | 0.01 | −2.88 | 0.00 | [−0.05, −0.01] |
| Direct | TP-ICT | 0.10 | 0.02 | 4.61 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.14] | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.84 | [−0.03, 0.04] |
| Total | 0.17 | 0.02 | 7.64 | 0.00 | [0.13, 0.22] | −0.03 | 0.02 | −1.19 | 0.24 | [−0.07, 0.02] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPD-ICT | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.34 | 0.18 | [−0.03, 0.01] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.87 | 0.39 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPD-ICT | −0.04 | 0.02 | −2.83 | 0.01 | [−0.07, −0.01] | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.87 | 0.06 | [0.00, 0.04] |
| Direct | TPD-ICT | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.93 | 0.35 | [−0.10, 0.04] | 0.03 | 0.01 | 2.36 | 0.02 | [0.01, 0.06] |
| Total | −0.09 | 0.05 | −1.64 | 0.10 | [−0.19, 0.02] | 0.05 | 0.02 | 3.21 | 0.00 | [0.02, 0.08] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPD-CCS | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.43 | 0.67 | [−0.03, 0.02] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.45 | 0.65 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPD-CCS | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.02 | 0.31 | [−0.01, 0.02] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.91 | 0.37 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| Direct | TPD-CCS | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.63 | 0.53 | [−0.04, 0.02] | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 0.49 | [−0.03, 0.06] |
| Total | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.36 | 0.72 | [−0.07, 0.05] | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 0.58 | [−0.03, 0.05] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPD-INV | −0.03 | 0.01 | −3.18 | 0.00 | [−0.05, −0.01] | −0.01 | 0.00 | −1.35 | 0.18 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPD-INV | −0.02 | 0.01 | −3.03 | 0.00 | [−0.04, −0.01] | 0.01 | 0.01 | 2.23 | 0.03 | [0.00, 0.02] |
| Direct | TPD-INV | −0.13 | 0.02 | −5.60 | 0.00 | [−0.17, −0.08] | −0.04 | 0.01 | −2.55 | 0.01 | [−0.06, −0.01] |
| Total | −0.18 | 0.03 | −5.26 | 0.00 | [−0.25, −0.11] | −0.03 | 0.02 | −2.05 | 0.04 | [−0.06, 0.00] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPP-TEAM | 0.03 | 0.01 | 3.36 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.05] | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.63 | 0.10 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPP-TEAM | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.18 | 0.03 | [0, 0.03] | −0.01 | 0.00 | −1.91 | 0.06 | [−0.02, 0.00] |
| Direct | TPP-TEAM | 0.22 | 0.04 | 5.93 | 0.00 | [0.15, 0.29] | 0.13 | 0.04 | 3.78 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.20] |
| Total | 0.27 | 0.04 | 6.99 | 0.00 | [0.19, 0.34] | 0.13 | 0.04 | 3.65 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.20] | |
| TSE-THNK | TPP-EXCH | 0.03 | 0.01 | 3.10 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.04] | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.56 | 0.12 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| TSE-TCHN | TPP-EXCH | 0.04 | 0.01 | 3.04 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.06] | −0.02 | 0.01 | −2.10 | 0.04 | [−0.03, 0.00] |
| Direct | TPP-EXCH | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.36 | 0.72 | [−0.06, 0.04] | 0.08 | 0.03 | 2.43 | 0.02 | [0.02, 0.15] |
| Total | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.47 | 0.14 | [−0.02, 0.12] | 0.07 | 0.04 | 2.00 | 0.05 | [0.00, 0.14] | |
| TSE-THNK | CLASSAUT | 0.04 | 0.01 | 5.03 | 0.00 | [0.03, 0.06] | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.64 | 0.10 | [0.00, 0.02] |
| TSE-TCHN | CLASSAUT | 0.03 | 0.01 | 3.89 | 0.00 | [0.02, 0.05] | −0.02 | 0.01 | −2.38 | 0.02 | [−0.03, 0.00] |
| Direct | CLASSAUT | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.61 | 0.54 | [−0.05, 0.03] | 0.10 | 0.02 | 4.65 | 0.00 | [0.06, 0.15] |
| Total | 0.07 | 0.03 | 2.57 | 0.01 | [0.02, 0.12] | 0.10 | 0.02 | 4.37 | 0.00 | [0.05, 0.14] | |
| TSE-THNK | PARTICPT | 0.02 | 0.01 | 3.20 | 0.00 | [0.01, 0.03] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.51 | 0.13 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| TSE-TCHN | PARTICPT | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.42 | 0.68 | [−0.02, 0.01] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.69 | [−0.01, 0.01] |
| Direct | PARTICPT | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.69 | 0.49 | [−0.06, 0.03] | 0.31 | 0.02 | 14.15 | 0.00 | [0.27, 0.36] |
| Total | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.97 | [−0.05, 0.06] | 0.32 | 0.02 | 14.59 | 0.00 | [0.28, 0.36] | |
Source(s): Table by authors
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