Table 9 Estimates on academic... | Emerald Publishing

Table 9

Estimates on academic performance

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7
Convenience	0.231*** (0.51)	0.391*** (0.99)	0.376*** (1.99)	0.204* (1.56)	0.114* (1.25)	0.008* (0.14)	0.146* (0.54)
Skill enhancer		0.480*** (2.86)	0.276*** (0.52)	0.219*** (1.68)	0.193*** (0.79)	0.172*** (0.43)	0.148** (1.12)
Threat			0.390 (1.67)	−0.343 (−0.39)	−0.333* (−0.15)	−0.215 (−1.55)	−0.215 (−0.526)
Harmful				0.278*** (3.23)	0.285*** (2.45)	0.220*** (3.59)	2.125** (1.36)
Helpful					−0.147* (−2.11)	0.068* (1.02)	2.645* (2.36)
Dependency						0.255*** (4.49)	0.5487** (2.51)
Perception							1.26* (2.79)
Constant	1.666* (1.10)	1.061* (2.32)	0.814* (1.18)	0.459* (2.06)	0.374* (3.13)	0.454* (3.93)	0.165* (1.26)
N	247	247	247	247	247	247	247

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7
Convenience	0.231*** (0.51)	0.391*** (0.99)	0.376*** (1.99)	0.204* (1.56)	0.114* (1.25)	0.008* (0.14)	0.146* (0.54)
Skill enhancer		0.480*** (2.86)	0.276*** (0.52)	0.219*** (1.68)	0.193*** (0.79)	0.172*** (0.43)	0.148** (1.12)
Threat			0.390 (1.67)	−0.343 (−0.39)	−0.333* (−0.15)	−0.215 (−1.55)	−0.215 (−0.526)
Harmful				0.278*** (3.23)	0.285*** (2.45)	0.220*** (3.59)	2.125** (1.36)
Helpful					−0.147* (−2.11)	0.068* (1.02)	2.645* (2.36)
Dependency						0.255*** (4.49)	0.5487** (2.51)
Perception							1.26* (2.79)
Constant	1.666* (1.10)	1.061* (2.32)	0.814* (1.18)	0.459* (2.06)	0.374* (3.13)	0.454* (3.93)	0.165* (1.26)
N	247	247	247	247	247	247	247

Note(s): T-statistics in parentheses * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001

Source(s): Author’s computation