Modified quantile regression model-regional returns to education at different points of the wage distribution
| Variables | Quantile | Urban regions (n = 2,103) | Peri-urban regions (n = 745) | Rural regions (n = 539) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef | SD | Coef | SD | Coef | SD | ||
| Secondary | q25 | 0.372*** | 0.088 | 0.446* | 0.197 | 0.716 | 0.399 |
| q50 | 0.483*** | 0.067 | 0.624*** | 0.131 | 0.606* | 0.267 | |
| q75 | 0.657*** | 0.059 | 0.745*** | 0.127 | 0.98*** | 0.233 | |
| q90 | 0.854*** | 0.084 | 0.686** | 0.245 | 0.766* | 0.344 | |
| Tertiary | q25 | 1.37*** | 0.101 | 1.234*** | 0.321 | −4.689 | 2.535 |
| q50 | 1.399*** | 0.106 | 1.425*** | 0.161 | 0.848* | 0.392 | |
| q75 | 1.584*** | 0.086 | 1.483*** | 0.153 | 1.468*** | 0.352 | |
| q90 | 1.689*** | 0.103 | 1.242*** | 0.227 | 1.653*** | 0.448 | |
| Age | q25 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.024*** | 0.006 | 0.016 | 0.015 |
| q50 | 0.008* | 0.003 | 0.022*** | 0.004 | 0.022 | 0.012 | |
| q75 | 0.009** | 0.003 | 0.026*** | 0.008 | 0.014 | 0.009 | |
| q90 | 0.018*** | 0.005 | 0.037*** | 0.008 | 0.022 | 0.012 | |
| Experience | q25 | 0.054*** | 0.0116 | 0.011 | 0.032 | −0.042 | 0.045 |
| q50 | 0.057*** | 0.011 | 0.034 | 0.024 | 0.009 | 0.034 | |
| q75 | 0.068*** | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.024 | −0.022 | 0.029 | |
| q90 | 0.071*** | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.03 | 0.038 | 0.037 | |
| Gender dummy | q25 | −0.001 | 0.053 | 0.124 | 0.131 | 0.092 | 0.289 |
| q50 | 0.161** | 0.057 | 0.371*** | 0.099 | 0.2 | 0.201 | |
| q75 | 0.155** | 0.057 | 0.569*** | 0.115 | 0.098 | 0.204 | |
| q90 | 0.2328** | 0.081 | 0.631*** | 0.161 | 0.116 | 0.165 | |
| Variables | Quantile | Urban regions ( | Peri-urban regions ( | Rural regions ( | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef | SD | Coef | SD | Coef | SD | ||
| Secondary | q25 | 0.372*** | 0.088 | 0.446* | 0.197 | 0.716 | 0.399 |
| q50 | 0.483*** | 0.067 | 0.624*** | 0.131 | 0.606* | 0.267 | |
| q75 | 0.657*** | 0.059 | 0.745*** | 0.127 | 0.98*** | 0.233 | |
| q90 | 0.854*** | 0.084 | 0.686** | 0.245 | 0.766* | 0.344 | |
| Tertiary | q25 | 1.37*** | 0.101 | 1.234*** | 0.321 | −4.689 | 2.535 |
| q50 | 1.399*** | 0.106 | 1.425*** | 0.161 | 0.848* | 0.392 | |
| q75 | 1.584*** | 0.086 | 1.483*** | 0.153 | 1.468*** | 0.352 | |
| q90 | 1.689*** | 0.103 | 1.242*** | 0.227 | 1.653*** | 0.448 | |
| Age | q25 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.024*** | 0.006 | 0.016 | 0.015 |
| q50 | 0.008* | 0.003 | 0.022*** | 0.004 | 0.022 | 0.012 | |
| q75 | 0.009** | 0.003 | 0.026*** | 0.008 | 0.014 | 0.009 | |
| q90 | 0.018*** | 0.005 | 0.037*** | 0.008 | 0.022 | 0.012 | |
| Experience | q25 | 0.054*** | 0.0116 | 0.011 | 0.032 | −0.042 | 0.045 |
| q50 | 0.057*** | 0.011 | 0.034 | 0.024 | 0.009 | 0.034 | |
| q75 | 0.068*** | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.024 | −0.022 | 0.029 | |
| q90 | 0.071*** | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.03 | 0.038 | 0.037 | |
| Gender dummy | q25 | −0.001 | 0.053 | 0.124 | 0.131 | 0.092 | 0.289 |
| q50 | 0.161** | 0.057 | 0.371*** | 0.099 | 0.2 | 0.201 | |
| q75 | 0.155** | 0.057 | 0.569*** | 0.115 | 0.098 | 0.204 | |
| q90 | 0.2328** | 0.081 | 0.631*** | 0.161 | 0.116 | 0.165 | |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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