Results from the modified quantile regression instrumental variable two-stage-least squares
| Variables | Quantile | Urban regions (n = 2,103) | Peri-urban regions (n = 745) | Rural regions (n = 539) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef | SD | Coef | SD | Coef | SD | ||
| Secondary | q25 | 0.955 | 1.012 | 0.47 | 1.12 | 3.59 | 2.394 |
| q50 | 1.429* | 0.63 | 0.964 | 0.677 | 2.836 | 1.637 | |
| q75 | 2.841*** | 0.645 | 1.82* | 0.858 | 2.369 | 2.212 | |
| q90 | 3.585*** | 0.967 | 0.847 | 1.321 | 3.048 | 2.743 | |
| Tertiary | q25 | 1.557 | 0.971 | 1.436 | 1.718 | 6.518 | 3.439 |
| q50 | 0.485 | 0.861 | 0.468 | 1.175 | 4.946* | 2.022 | |
| q75 | −1.39* | 0.681 | −1.89 | 1.57 | 3.631 | 2.132 | |
| q90 | −2.675* | 1.26 | −1.139 | 2.588 | −1.071 | 3.098 | |
| Age | q25 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.018 | 0.009 | −0.007 | 0.02 |
| q50 | 0.015** | 0.005 | 0.029*** | 0.006 | 0.01 | 0.014 | |
| q75 | 0.028*** | 0.005 | 0.036*** | 0.006 | 0.02 | 0.016 | |
| q90 | 0.044*** | 0.006 | 0.033** | 0.011 | 0.034 | 0.023 | |
| Experience | q25 | 0.052 | 0.027 | 0.026 | 0.041 | −0.082 | 0.072 |
| q50 | 0.07*** | 0.016 | 0.038 | 0.035 | −0.047 | 0.047 | |
| q75 | 0.121*** | 0.017 | 0.106*** | 0.031 | −0.039 | 0.055 | |
| q90 | 0.16*** | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.053 | 0.067 | 0.083 | |
| Gender dummy | q25 | −0.084 | 0.166 | 0.253 | 0.273 | 0.55 | 0.537 |
| q50 | −0.044 | 0.132 | 0.198 | 0.18 | 0.462 | 0.313 | |
| q75 | −0.227 | 0.127 | −0.144 | 0.245 | 0.273 | 0.362 | |
| q90 | −0.459* | 0.178 | 0.161 | 0.467 | −0.639 | 0.509 | |
| Variables | Quantile | Urban regions ( | Peri-urban regions ( | Rural regions ( | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef | SD | Coef | SD | Coef | SD | ||
| Secondary | q25 | 0.955 | 1.012 | 0.47 | 1.12 | 3.59 | 2.394 |
| q50 | 1.429* | 0.63 | 0.964 | 0.677 | 2.836 | 1.637 | |
| q75 | 2.841*** | 0.645 | 1.82* | 0.858 | 2.369 | 2.212 | |
| q90 | 3.585*** | 0.967 | 0.847 | 1.321 | 3.048 | 2.743 | |
| Tertiary | q25 | 1.557 | 0.971 | 1.436 | 1.718 | 6.518 | 3.439 |
| q50 | 0.485 | 0.861 | 0.468 | 1.175 | 4.946* | 2.022 | |
| q75 | −1.39* | 0.681 | −1.89 | 1.57 | 3.631 | 2.132 | |
| q90 | −2.675* | 1.26 | −1.139 | 2.588 | −1.071 | 3.098 | |
| Age | q25 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.018 | 0.009 | −0.007 | 0.02 |
| q50 | 0.015** | 0.005 | 0.029*** | 0.006 | 0.01 | 0.014 | |
| q75 | 0.028*** | 0.005 | 0.036*** | 0.006 | 0.02 | 0.016 | |
| q90 | 0.044*** | 0.006 | 0.033** | 0.011 | 0.034 | 0.023 | |
| Experience | q25 | 0.052 | 0.027 | 0.026 | 0.041 | −0.082 | 0.072 |
| q50 | 0.07*** | 0.016 | 0.038 | 0.035 | −0.047 | 0.047 | |
| q75 | 0.121*** | 0.017 | 0.106*** | 0.031 | −0.039 | 0.055 | |
| q90 | 0.16*** | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.053 | 0.067 | 0.083 | |
| Gender dummy | q25 | −0.084 | 0.166 | 0.253 | 0.273 | 0.55 | 0.537 |
| q50 | −0.044 | 0.132 | 0.198 | 0.18 | 0.462 | 0.313 | |
| q75 | −0.227 | 0.127 | −0.144 | 0.245 | 0.273 | 0.362 | |
| q90 | −0.459* | 0.178 | 0.161 | 0.467 | −0.639 | 0.509 | |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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