Table 6 Panel unit root test results GDP... | Emerald Publishing

Table 6

Panel unit root test results

	GDP	FS	FDI	PS	TOP
Panel A: At level
LLC	−0.678	1.827	−1.523	−0.406	−0.874
Breitung	−0.124	−1.019	−0.309	−0.573	−1.257
IPS	−0.366	−0.637	−0.439	0.174	1.749
Fisher-ADF	23.381	13.321	14.002	11.392	5.146
Fisher-PP	−0.678	0.932	8.952	15.144	15.623
CSD-ADF	4.466	15.217	5.2421	11.876	22.877
Panel B: At first difference
LLC	−6.809*	−16.618*	−15.456*	−4.314*	−6.802*
Breitung	−4.755*	−11.984*	−14.005*	−9.706*	−12.212*
IPS	−7.075*	−12.406 *	−7.610*	−5.466*	−13.423*
Fisher-ADF	71.911*	123.373*	165.174*	106.233*	147.432*
Fisher-PP	105.522*	301.893*	152.039*	108.673*	128.837*
CSD-ADF	6.958*	9.456*	0.735*	10.266*	3.2451*

	GDP	FS	FDI	PS	TOP
Panel A: At level
LLC	−0.678	1.827	−1.523	−0.406	−0.874
Breitung	−0.124	−1.019	−0.309	−0.573	−1.257
IPS	−0.366	−0.637	−0.439	0.174	1.749
Fisher-ADF	23.381	13.321	14.002	11.392	5.146
Fisher-PP	−0.678	0.932	8.952	15.144	15.623
CSD-ADF	4.466	15.217	5.2421	11.876	22.877
Panel B: At first difference
LLC	−6.809*	−16.618*	−15.456*	−4.314*	−6.802*
Breitung	−4.755*	−11.984*	−14.005*	−9.706*	−12.212*
IPS	−7.075*	−12.406 *	−7.610*	−5.466*	−13.423*
Fisher-ADF	71.911*	123.373*	165.174*	106.233*	147.432*
Fisher-PP	105.522*	301.893*	152.039*	108.673*	128.837*
CSD-ADF	6.958*	9.456*	0.735*	10.266*	3.2451*

Note(s): * Statistical significance at the 1% level