Table 3

Results – all countries

VariablesFE (1)FE (2)FE (3)
GDP−464.1***−197.8**−200.8**
(123.2)(95.3)(95.4)
Unemployment−1.60.8−1.2
(4.2)(4.2)(4.3)
Gini384.2206.5189.1
(363.7)(335.1)(341.5)
Labor_women9.5*5.3*5.5*
(4.8)(3.0)(3.0)
Divorce–113.8***118.6***
(41.1)(41.0)
Women_enrollment–−2.9**−2.9**
(1.3)(0.6)
Fertility–−278.9***−277.9***
(103.3)(101.5)
Liberties_index–−53.8−49.3
(72.1)(73.1)
Nonreligious–7.3**7.5**
(3.4)(3.5)
Contraceptive–−9.1−9.2
(5.7)(5.7)
HIV–−68.5*−68.1*
(39.6)(40.3)
Alcohol–−0.2−4.6
(84.2)(82.4)
Policy_2––−67.2
(58.7)
Policy_3––16.9
(51.6)
Policy_4––−23.0
(85.7)
Policy_5––−115.7
(145.0)
constant3200.6**1830.91919.4
(1429.8)(1297.5)(1312.4)
Country dummies✓✓✓
Year dummies✓✓✓
Observation1,3541,3541,354
R2 – within0.290.470.47

Note(s): Standard errors (in parentheses) are clustered at the country level, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Eurostat, WB, V-Dem, Pew Research Center, WHO, UN, Authors’ calculations

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