Table 1

Predicted probabilities of use of robots

p.ps.e.pp.p.s.ep
Backward participation0.1580.0140.000   
Forward participation   0.1040.0070.000
Knowledge intensive work practices0.0100.0020.0000.0070.0020.001
Open-ended contracts0.0020.0020.2050.0030.0020.103
Part-time contracts−0.0100.0020.000−0.0130.0020.000
Profit (ref = yes)
Loss−0.0170.0070.011−0.0200.0070.004
Broke even−0.0130.0070.048−0.0150.0080.035
Missing−0.0010.0100.928−0.0090.0090.310
Competitiveness (ref = very)
Fairly−0.0040.0040.334−0.0040.0050.513
Not very−0.0030.0070.696−0.0020.0080.745
Not at all−0.0470.0120.000−0.0500.0120.000
Missing0.0080.0230.7220.0090.0240.718
Development0.0620.0060.0000.0660.0050.000
Organization size (ref = small (10–49)
Medium (50–249)0.0600.0070.0000.0630.0050.000
Large (250+)0.1620.0140.0000.1720.0110.000
Wald χ2 1840.90  1711.60 

Note(s): N = 18,774 companies in 15 sectors in 28 countries

Source(s): European Company Survey (ECS)

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