Table 2 Variables used Indicator... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Variables used

Indicator	Variables	Question #	Question text	Type
Strategic Agility
	SA vs competitors	Q36.b	Our enterprise responds rapidly to moves by competitors	Likert - scale
	SA vs market	Q36.e	Our enterprise is quick to recognize changes in its market - e.g. competition, regulation, demography	Likert - scale
	SA vs customers	Q36.f	We quickly identify new opportunities to better serve our customers	Likert - scale
Intangible Capital
	R&D investment	Q8	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on in-house R&D/R&D carried out by external providers (including enterprises in your own group)/the acquisition of external knowledge?	% of turnover
	Employer funded training	Q12	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on staff training organized by external providers on-site or elsewhere or using internal resources?	% of turnover
	Organizational or business process improvement	Q16	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on organisation or business process improvement?	% of turnover
	Software and databases	Q20	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on software and databases purchased from external providers or developed or customized in-house?	% of turnover
	Design	Q24	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on design activities carried out by external providers or using internal resources?	% of turnover
	Reputation and Branding	Q27	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on activities to improve reputation or brand values undertaken by external providers or using internal resources?	% of turnover
Performance
	COVID-19 turnover change	Q47a	Because of the COVID-19 crisis, will turnover in 2020 as compared to the turnover of 2019 decrease/increase/no impact by approximately what percentage?	% of turnover
	Turnover in 2019	Q5	In 2019, what was the enterprise’s total turnover (market sales of goods and services including all taxes except VAT)? [Euros]	Euros
Conversion ratio
	Conversion ratio proxy	Q43_1	Please indicate to what extent the enterprise benefited from investments in intangible assets made in 2017-2019, in terms of: Turnover	Likert-scale
Firm characteristics
	Digital transformation	Q49	How would you characterize your enterprise in terms of digital transformation performance before the outbreak of COVID-19?	Innovator/early adopter/late adopter/laggard
	Firm size	Q4	At the end of 2019, what was the total headcount number of full-time employees in the enterprise?	Number

Indicator	Variables	Question #	Question text	Type
Strategic Agility
	SA vs competitors	Q36.b	Our enterprise responds rapidly to moves by competitors	Likert - scale
	SA vs market	Q36.e	Our enterprise is quick to recognize changes in its market - e.g. competition, regulation, demography	Likert - scale
	SA vs customers	Q36.f	We quickly identify new opportunities to better serve our customers	Likert - scale
Intangible Capital
	R&D investment	Q8	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on in-house R&D/R&D carried out by external providers (including enterprises in your own group)/the acquisition of external knowledge?	% of turnover
	Employer funded training	Q12	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on staff training organized by external providers on-site or elsewhere or using internal resources?	% of turnover
	Organizational or business process improvement	Q16	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on organisation or business process improvement?	% of turnover
	Software and databases	Q20	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on software and databases purchased from external providers or developed or customized in-house?	% of turnover
	Design	Q24	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on design activities carried out by external providers or using internal resources?	% of turnover
	Reputation and Branding	Q27	In 2019, which percentage of the enterprise's turnover was spent on activities to improve reputation or brand values undertaken by external providers or using internal resources?	% of turnover
Performance
	COVID-19 turnover change	Q47a	Because of the COVID-19 crisis, will turnover in 2020 as compared to the turnover of 2019 decrease/increase/no impact by approximately what percentage?	% of turnover
	Turnover in 2019	Q5	In 2019, what was the enterprise’s total turnover (market sales of goods and services including all taxes except VAT)? [Euros]	Euros
Conversion ratio
	Conversion ratio proxy	Q43_1	Please indicate to what extent the enterprise benefited from investments in intangible assets made in 2017-2019, in terms of: Turnover	Likert-scale
Firm characteristics
	Digital transformation	Q49	How would you characterize your enterprise in terms of digital transformation performance before the outbreak of COVID-19?	Innovator/early adopter/late adopter/laggard
	Firm size	Q4	At the end of 2019, what was the total headcount number of full-time employees in the enterprise?	Number

Source(s): GlobalInto (2021)