Overview of the literature
| Items used to identify attitudinal factors | Authors | Year |
|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 experienced disease, Personal economic impact of COVID-19, Personal psychological impact of COVID-19 (anxiety), Direct relationship with COVID-19-infected persons, Indirect relationship with COVID-19-infected persons | Newly developed | |
| It has changed my view of the world | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt et al. | 2014 |
| I want to live differently | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt et al. | 2014 |
| I want to travel differently | Adapted from Kock et al. | 2019 |
| Impact on travel behaviour* | ||
| Tourism is a priority in my life, Criteria of sustainable products in choice destination, I will stay in small establishments, I will travel to highly-frequented tourist destinations, I will stay in small establishments | Newly developed | |
| I will travel less in the future | Adapted from Ivanova et al. | 2021 |
| I will spend less money when I travel | Adapted from Chebli and Foued | 2020 |
| I will travel closer to home | Adapted from Ivanova et al. | 2021 |
| Importance of health security criteria | Adapted from Chebli and Foued | 2020 |
| I will use public transport | Adapted from Ivanova et al. | 2021 |
| Environmental attitude | ||
| The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources | Adapted from Dunlap et al. | 2000 |
| The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset | Adapted from Dunlap et al. | 2000 |
| I am very concerned about environmental problems | Adapted from Dunlap et al. | 2000 |
| I worry about the environment when I make choices concerning my holiday travel | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | 2011 |
| Nature has value only because the human being is able to use and enjoy her | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt et al. | 2014 |
| I am likely to change my holiday plans in response to global climate change | Adapted from Dunlap et al. | 2000 |
| Modifying the environment for human use can cause serious problems | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | 2011 |
| There is no limits to growth for nations like mine | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | 2011 |
| I like making an effort to contribute to a better environment | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt et al. | 2014 |
| Humankind was created to rule over the rest of nature | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | 2011 |
| Technological advances will solve many environmental problems | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | 2011 |
| Problems like climate change are a threat to me and my family | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | 2011 |
| Items used to identify attitudinal factors | Authors | Year |
|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 experienced disease, Personal economic impact of COVID-19, Personal psychological impact of COVID-19 (anxiety), Direct relationship with COVID-19-infected persons, Indirect relationship with COVID-19-infected persons | Newly developed | |
| It has changed my view of the world | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt | |
| I want to live differently | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt | |
| I want to travel differently | Adapted from Kock | |
| Tourism is a priority in my life, Criteria of sustainable products in choice destination, I will stay in small establishments, I will travel to highly-frequented tourist destinations, I will stay in small establishments | Newly developed | |
| I will travel less in the future | Adapted from Ivanova | |
| I will spend less money when I travel | Adapted from Chebli and Foued | |
| I will travel closer to home | Adapted from Ivanova | |
| Importance of health security criteria | Adapted from Chebli and Foued | |
| I will use public transport | Adapted from Ivanova | |
| The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources | Adapted from Dunlap | |
| The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset | Adapted from Dunlap | |
| I am very concerned about environmental problems | Adapted from Dunlap | |
| I worry about the environment when I make choices concerning my holiday travel | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | |
| Nature has value only because the human being is able to use and enjoy her | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt | |
| I am likely to change my holiday plans in response to global climate change | Adapted from Dunlap | |
| Modifying the environment for human use can cause serious problems | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | |
| There is no limits to growth for nations like mine | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | |
| I like making an effort to contribute to a better environment | Adapted from Hedlund de-Witt | |
| Humankind was created to rule over the rest of nature | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | |
| Technological advances will solve many environmental problems | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr | |
| Problems like climate change are a threat to me and my family | Adapted from Prillwitz and Barr |
Note(s): *See also more recently Bratic et al. (2021)
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