Table 2

Eco-innovation indicator definitions

CE indicatorsDescription
(i) Eco-design productsA dummy variable that equals 1 if the company reports on specific products which are designed for reuse, recycling or the reduction of environmental impacts, 0 otherwise
(ii) Environmental assets under managementA dummy variable that equals 1 if the company reports on assets under management which employ environmental screening criteria or environmental factors in the investment selection process, 0 otherwise
(iii) Environmental productsA dummy variable that equals 1 if the company reports on at least one product line or service that is designed to have positive effects on the environment or which is environmentally labeled and marketed, 0 otherwise
(iv) Product environmental responsible useA dummy variable that equals 1 if the company reports about product features and applications or services that will promote responsible, efficient, cost-effective and environmentally preferable use, 0 otherwise
(v) Renewable/clean energy productsA dummy variable that equals 1 if the company develops products or technologies for use in the clean, renewable energy (such as wind, solar, hydro, geo-thermal and biomass power), 0 otherwise
Note(s):

This table reports the definitions of the indicators constituting the eco-innovation index

Source(s): Authors’ own creation

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