Table 1 Overview of the groups and AI... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Overview of the groups and AI tools used in the study to enhance academic writing

Group	Participants	Tool used	Focus areas
Experimental Group 1	68	Grammarly	Clarity, precision, argumentation, academic standards
Experimental Group 2	65	ProWritingAid	Clarity, precision, language mastery, argumentation, academic norms
Experimental Group 3	64	Hemingway Editor	Readability, simplicity, clarity, sentence construction, formal tone
Experimental Group 4	65	Quillbot	Clarity, vocabulary diversity, argumentation, academic integrity
Experimental Group 5	68	Writefull	Clarity, precision, discipline-specific terminology, argumentation
Experimental Group 6	68	Turnitin Revision Assistant	Clarity, vocabulary, argument coherence, citation guidance
Control Group (Group 7)	68	Regular CALL Course	Baseline for comparative analysis

Group	Participants	Tool used	Focus areas
Experimental Group 1	68	Grammarly	Clarity, precision, argumentation, academic standards
Experimental Group 2	65	ProWritingAid	Clarity, precision, language mastery, argumentation, academic norms
Experimental Group 3	64	Hemingway Editor	Readability, simplicity, clarity, sentence construction, formal tone
Experimental Group 4	65	Quillbot	Clarity, vocabulary diversity, argumentation, academic integrity
Experimental Group 5	68	Writefull	Clarity, precision, discipline-specific terminology, argumentation
Experimental Group 6	68	Turnitin Revision Assistant	Clarity, vocabulary, argument coherence, citation guidance
Control Group (Group 7)	68	Regular CALL Course	Baseline for comparative analysis

Source(s): The author