Table 1 Applications of integrated...

Table 1

Applications of integrated BIM–AI

s/n	Sub-constructs and items	F_L	N_T	α	A_V	E_V
A	Integrated BIM–AI for smart construction		11	0.80	0.65	2.13
1	Automated design and rule checking	0.71
2	3D as-built reconstruction	0.82
3	Event log mining	0.62
4	Building performance analysis	0.76
5	Digital twin of construction site objects	0.52
6	Balance of construction team	0.86
7	Automated progress monitoring	0.70
8	Automated safety management	0.88
9	Automated quality management	0.88
10	Automated contract management	0.92
11	Automated site progress monitoring	0.77
B	Integrated BIM–AI for waste management		4	0.87	0.55	1.26
1	Waste quantitative assessment	0.86
2	Demolition process planning	0.54
3	Optimal disposal route selection	0.50
4	Generating sustainable waste disposal practices	0.73
C	Integrated BIM–AI for facility management		9	0.86	0.62	0.88
1	3D as-built documentation	0.77
2	3D scan-to-BIM reconstruction	0.81
3	Predictive property valuation	0.83
4	Automatic property data classification	0.84
5	Predictive energy management	0.92
6	Thermal image analysis for defects	0.71
7	Automatic recognition of architectural elements	0.70
8	Automatic historic building management	0.80
9	BIM–AI-driven land supply management	0.80
D	Integrated BIM–AI for data management		5	0.80	0.63	0.77
1	Automatic information retrieval from BIM model	0.86
2	Intuitive voice assistant for BIM data management	0.84
3	AI-backed BIM content recommender system	0.82
4	AI voice assistant interface to convert verbal requests	0.86
5	Centralized data management	0.78
E	Integrated BIM–AI for defects and damage detection		4	0.81	0.52	0.36
1	Automatic analysis of seismic damages in buildings	0.80
2	Defect digital twinning	0.70
3	Automatic hazard-induced damage analysis	0.73
4	Predictive AI models for defects detection	0.71
F	Integrated BIM–AI for sustainable design and modelling		4	0.88	0.63	0.96
1	BIM–AI-enabled energy-efficient building design	0.92
2	BIM–AI-based sustainable design decision-making	0.93
3	Predictive AI models for HVAC energy consumption	0.88
4	Intelligent utilization of construction materials	0.77
G	Integrated BIM–AI for project management		11	0.92	0.66	2.11
1	BIM–AI-based project performance evaluation system	0.71
2	BIM–AI-based function, data and process modelling	0.70
3	Automated project scheduling	0.90
4	Creative project design generation and exploration	0.90
5	Collaborative project design	0.71
6	Automated BIM model authoring and review	0.77
7	Automated project cost estimating	0.81
8	Automated path finding	0.66
9	Automated code compliance checking	0.71
10	Automated clash detection	0.74
11	Automated construction simulation	0.86
H	Integrated BIM–AI for construction technology		4	0.86	0.71	3.20
1	Intelligent recognition algorithms for monitoring structural damage	0.76
2	Predictive AI model for forecasting structural damage	0.77
3	AI generated structural engineering BIM model	0.76
4	AI generated mechanical and electrical engineering BIM model	0.74

s/n	Sub-constructs and items	F_L	N_T	α	A_V	E_V
A	Integrated BIM–AI for smart construction		11	0.80	0.65	2.13
1	Automated design and rule checking	0.71
2	3D as-built reconstruction	0.82
3	Event log mining	0.62
4	Building performance analysis	0.76
5	Digital twin of construction site objects	0.52
6	Balance of construction team	0.86
7	Automated progress monitoring	0.70
8	Automated safety management	0.88
9	Automated quality management	0.88
10	Automated contract management	0.92
11	Automated site progress monitoring	0.77
B	Integrated BIM–AI for waste management		4	0.87	0.55	1.26
1	Waste quantitative assessment	0.86
2	Demolition process planning	0.54
3	Optimal disposal route selection	0.50
4	Generating sustainable waste disposal practices	0.73
C	Integrated BIM–AI for facility management		9	0.86	0.62	0.88
1	3D as-built documentation	0.77
2	3D scan-to-BIM reconstruction	0.81
3	Predictive property valuation	0.83
4	Automatic property data classification	0.84
5	Predictive energy management	0.92
6	Thermal image analysis for defects	0.71
7	Automatic recognition of architectural elements	0.70
8	Automatic historic building management	0.80
9	BIM–AI-driven land supply management	0.80
D	Integrated BIM–AI for data management		5	0.80	0.63	0.77
1	Automatic information retrieval from BIM model	0.86
2	Intuitive voice assistant for BIM data management	0.84
3	AI-backed BIM content recommender system	0.82
4	AI voice assistant interface to convert verbal requests	0.86
5	Centralized data management	0.78
E	Integrated BIM–AI for defects and damage detection		4	0.81	0.52	0.36
1	Automatic analysis of seismic damages in buildings	0.80
2	Defect digital twinning	0.70
3	Automatic hazard-induced damage analysis	0.73
4	Predictive AI models for defects detection	0.71
F	Integrated BIM–AI for sustainable design and modelling		4	0.88	0.63	0.96
1	BIM–AI-enabled energy-efficient building design	0.92
2	BIM–AI-based sustainable design decision-making	0.93
3	Predictive AI models for HVAC energy consumption	0.88
4	Intelligent utilization of construction materials	0.77
G	Integrated BIM–AI for project management		11	0.92	0.66	2.11
1	BIM–AI-based project performance evaluation system	0.71
2	BIM–AI-based function, data and process modelling	0.70
3	Automated project scheduling	0.90
4	Creative project design generation and exploration	0.90
5	Collaborative project design	0.71
6	Automated BIM model authoring and review	0.77
7	Automated project cost estimating	0.81
8	Automated path finding	0.66
9	Automated code compliance checking	0.71
10	Automated clash detection	0.74
11	Automated construction simulation	0.86
H	Integrated BIM–AI for construction technology		4	0.86	0.71	3.20
1	Intelligent recognition algorithms for monitoring structural damage	0.76
2	Predictive AI model for forecasting structural damage	0.77
3	AI generated structural engineering BIM model	0.76
4	AI generated mechanical and electrical engineering BIM model	0.74

Note(s): N_T = number of items; F_L = factor loading; α = Cronbach Alpha; A_V = average variance explained; E_V = Eigen value

Source(s): Table by authors

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