Table 1

Variable description and expected signs

VariableVariable descriptionMeasurementExpected sign
Objective oneObjective two
Digital technology (DigiTech)IndIntIndividuals using the Internet (% of population)NegativePositive
MoCeSubsMobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
FixTelSubsFixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people)
Exchange rateExcRaOfficial exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)PositiveN/A
LabourLFPLabour force participation rate, (% of total population aged 15–64)N/AUncertain
CapitalCapFormGross capital formation (% of GDP)N/APositive
Money supplyMSBroad money growth (Annual %)PositivePositive
External debtExtDbExternal debt stocks (% of GNI)PositiveUncertain
Government expenditureGovExpGeneral government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)UncertainUncertain
Interest rateLendRaLending interest rate (%)NegativeN/A
GDP growth rateGDPGThe log difference between GDP per CapitaN/AN/A
InflationinfAnnual inflation growth rateN/ANegative
Source(s): Authors’ construct

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