Table 1

Citizens’ role, digitalisation and public value in the managerial paradigms

Managerial paradigmsCitizen’s roleDigital transformation phasePublic value creation
New public management (NPM)Users/Consumers/CostumersE-governmentImproving the quality of service delivery to satisfy personal interest
New public governance (NPG)Co-governors and co-creators of PVDigital governanceCreation of social and democratic value, taking into account the collective good and the community’s interests

Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration

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