Table 4 Impact of institutional... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Impact of institutional ownership on CSR spending

	Standardized coefficient	Standard error	t-value	p value
const	2.990	0.334	8.946	0.00
TII	0.361	0.001	24.050	0.00
PROM	0.118	0.001	10.664	0.00
ROA	0.309	0.001	31.157	0.00
LOGCASH	0.033	0.000	−3.425	0.00
LEVERAGE	−0.047	0.001	−4.876	0.00
AGE	0.007	0.000	0.734	0.46
SIZE	1.413	0.008	97.714	0.00
INDCSR	0.322	0.020	14.724	0.00
COVID19_Dummy	0.123	0.020	6.252	0.00
R-squared	0.738	No. of firm years		11,134
Adjusted R-squared	0.737	No. of firms		2,171
F-statistic	678.820***	Study period		2014–2023
Industry fixed effects	YES	Year fixed effects		YES

	Standardized coefficient	Standard error	t-value	p value
const	2.990	0.334	8.946	0.00
TII	0.361	0.001	24.050	0.00
PROM	0.118	0.001	10.664	0.00
ROA	0.309	0.001	31.157	0.00
LOGCASH	0.033	0.000	−3.425	0.00
LEVERAGE	−0.047	0.001	−4.876	0.00
AGE	0.007	0.000	0.734	0.46
SIZE	1.413	0.008	97.714	0.00
INDCSR	0.322	0.020	14.724	0.00
COVID19_Dummy	0.123	0.020	6.252	0.00
R-squared	0.738	No. of firm years		11,134
Adjusted R-squared	0.737	No. of firms		2,171
F-statistic	678.820***	Study period		2014–2023
Industry fixed effects	YES	Year fixed effects		YES

Source(s): Authors’ calculations