Table 3 Experimental and numerical... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Experimental and numerical comparison on key impact response parameters with deviation

	Impact energy	Peak force [N]
	Impact energy	K8_1PU		K8_2PU		K8_3PU
Experiment	10 J	2346.12	6.96%	2607.82	1.92%	2859.22	4.62%
Simulation	10 J	2183.85	6.96%	2557.96	1.92%	2727.84	4.62%
Experiment	20 J	3571.24	1.40%	3888.32	3.98%	4067.94	1.38%
Simulation	20 J	3521.86	1.40%	3733.84	3.98%	4124.53	1.38%
Experiment	50 J	5669.45	9.64%	6445.48	9.88%	7011.71	5.83%
Simulation	50 J	5122.74	9.64%	5797.92	9.88%	6602.82	5.83%

	Impact energy	Peak force [N]
	Impact energy	K8_1PU		K8_2PU		K8_3PU
Experiment	10 J	2346.12	6.96%	2607.82	1.92%	2859.22	4.62%
Simulation	10 J	2183.85	6.96%	2557.96	1.92%	2727.84	4.62%
Experiment	20 J	3571.24	1.40%	3888.32	3.98%	4067.94	1.38%
Simulation	20 J	3521.86	1.40%	3733.84	3.98%	4124.53	1.38%
Experiment	50 J	5669.45	9.64%	6445.48	9.88%	7011.71	5.83%
Simulation	50 J	5122.74	9.64%	5797.92	9.88%	6602.82	5.83%

	Impact Energy	Peak displacement [mm]
	Impact Energy	K8_1PU		K8_2PU		K8_3PU
Experiment	10 J	10.06	1.19%	9.51	4.62%	8.52	0.58%
Simulation	10 J	9.94	1.19%	9.07	4.62%	8.47	0.58%
Experiment	20 J	13.31	1.12%	13.07	0.68%	11.02	0.99%
Simulation	20 J	13.16	1.12%	12.98	0.68%	11.13	0.99%
Experiment	50 J	20.95	3.44%	19.47	0.67%	17.12	3.71%
Simulation	50 J	20.23	3.44%	19.34	0.67%	17.78	3.71%

	Impact Energy	Peak displacement [mm]
	Impact Energy	K8_1PU		K8_2PU		K8_3PU
Experiment	10 J	10.06	1.19%	9.51	4.62%	8.52	0.58%
Simulation	10 J	9.94	1.19%	9.07	4.62%	8.47	0.58%
Experiment	20 J	13.31	1.12%	13.07	0.68%	11.02	0.99%
Simulation	20 J	13.16	1.12%	12.98	0.68%	11.13	0.99%
Experiment	50 J	20.95	3.44%	19.47	0.67%	17.12	3.71%
Simulation	50 J	20.23	3.44%	19.34	0.67%	17.78	3.71%

	Impact Energy	Absorbed energy [J]
	Impact Energy	K8_1PU		K8_2PU		K8_3PU
Experiment	10 J	4.35	5.07%	3.95	5.18%	3.46	5.08%
Simulation	10 J	4.86	5.07%	3.43	5.18%	2.95	5.08%
Experiment	20 J	12.70	4.85%	11.96	4.91%	11.16	1.50%
Simulation	20 J	13.67	4.85%	10.98	4.91%	10.86	1.50%
Experiment	50 J	42.15	4.99%	40.35	2.11%	38.05	4.41%
Simulation	50 J	44.71	4.99%	39.27	2.11%	35.79	4.41%

	Impact Energy	Absorbed energy [J]
	Impact Energy	K8_1PU		K8_2PU		K8_3PU
Experiment	10 J	4.35	5.07%	3.95	5.18%	3.46	5.08%
Simulation	10 J	4.86	5.07%	3.43	5.18%	2.95	5.08%
Experiment	20 J	12.70	4.85%	11.96	4.91%	11.16	1.50%
Simulation	20 J	13.67	4.85%	10.98	4.91%	10.86	1.50%
Experiment	50 J	42.15	4.99%	40.35	2.11%	38.05	4.41%
Simulation	50 J	44.71	4.99%	39.27	2.11%	35.79	4.41%

Source(s): Table created by authors