Table 4 Linearity tests Transition... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Linearity tests

Transition variables	CSR (ESGS) → Performance				Performance → CSR (ESGS)
Tests	ROA		Tobin’s Q ratio		ROA		Tobin’s Q ratio
Tests	Statistics	p-value	Statistics	p-value	Statistics	p-value	Statistics	p-value
Lagrange multiplier wald test	40.145	0.000***	35.128	0.000***	25.363	0.000***	48.296	0.000***
Lagrange multiplier F-test	5.837	0.000***	5.109	0.001***	3.679	0.001***	7.039	0.001***
Likelihood-ratio test	40.277	0.000***	3.892	0.000***	25.416	0.000***	48.485	0.000***

Transition variables	CSR (ESGS) → Performance				Performance → CSR (ESGS)
Tests	ROA		Tobin’s Q ratio		ROA		Tobin’s Q ratio
Tests	Statistics	p-value	Statistics	p-value	Statistics	p-value	Statistics	p-value
Lagrange multiplier wald test	40.145	0.000***	35.128	0.000***	25.363	0.000***	48.296	0.000***
Lagrange multiplier F-test	5.837	0.000***	5.109	0.001***	3.679	0.001***	7.039	0.001***
Likelihood-ratio test	40.277	0.000***	3.892	0.000***	25.416	0.000***	48.485	0.000***

Note(s): ***indicates level of significance at 1%

Source(s): Table inserted by authors