Study 2 summary statistics
| VI anthropomorphism | VI characteristics | N | Upward social comparison, mean (SD) | Engagement, mean (SD) | Well-being, mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Macro | 81 | 4.81 (1.36) | 4.53 (1.39) | 1.92 (1.48) |
| Micro | 78 | 4.52 (1.29) | 3.51 (1.42) | 3.86 (1.69) | |
| Low | Macro | 83 | 4.16 (1.41) | 3.49 (1.20) | 3.45 (1.50) |
| Micro | 79 | 4.06 (1.21) | 3.11 (1.39) | 4.06 (1.55) | |
| Overall | 321 | 4.39 (1.57) | 3.66 (1.49) | 3.31 (1.39) | |
| High | Independent | 84 | 4.78 (1.25) | 4.56 (1.39) | 2.69 (1.96) |
| Brand owned | 82 | 4.06 (1.11) | 2.09 (1.78) | 2.76 (1.69) | |
| Low | Independent | 80 | 4.18 (1.09) | 3.51 (1.42) | 3.21 (2.11) |
| Brand-owned | 79 | 3.99 (1.26) | 2.99 (1.91) | 3.24 (1.92) | |
| Overall | 322 | 4.25 (1.34) | 3.28 (1.82) | 2.97 (1.69) |
| VI anthropomorphism | VI characteristics | Upward social comparison, mean (SD) | Engagement, mean (SD) | Well-being, mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Macro | 81 | 4.81 (1.36) | 4.53 (1.39) | 1.92 (1.48) |
| Micro | 78 | 4.52 (1.29) | 3.51 (1.42) | 3.86 (1.69) | |
| Low | Macro | 83 | 4.16 (1.41) | 3.49 (1.20) | 3.45 (1.50) |
| Micro | 79 | 4.06 (1.21) | 3.11 (1.39) | 4.06 (1.55) | |
| Overall | 321 | 4.39 (1.57) | 3.66 (1.49) | 3.31 (1.39) | |
| High | Independent | 84 | 4.78 (1.25) | 4.56 (1.39) | 2.69 (1.96) |
| Brand owned | 82 | 4.06 (1.11) | 2.09 (1.78) | 2.76 (1.69) | |
| Low | Independent | 80 | 4.18 (1.09) | 3.51 (1.42) | 3.21 (2.11) |
| Brand-owned | 79 | 3.99 (1.26) | 2.99 (1.91) | 3.24 (1.92) | |
| Overall | 322 | 4.25 (1.34) | 3.28 (1.82) | 2.97 (1.69) |
Note(s): All items measured on seven-point Likert scales (1 = strongly disagree and 7 = strongly agree)