(Self-)descriptions of generative AI tools used in this study
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| Main generative AI chatbots | |
| ChatGPT Plus (4.0) | “I am ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI based on the GPT-4 architecture. I am designed to assist with a wide range of tasks, including answering questions, providing explanations, generating text, and even creating lesson plans. My knowledge spans a vast array of topics, and I can help with everything from simple inquiries to complex research” |
| Google Gemini | “I am a large language model, also known as a conversational AI or chatbot, created by Google. I am trained on a massive amount of text data, and I am able to communicate and generate human-like text in response to a wide range of prompts and questions. For example, I can provide summaries of factual topics or create stories” |
| Microsoft Copilot | “I am an artificial intelligence language model created by OpenAI. My underlying architecture is based on deep learning techniques, specifically a variant of the transformer model. This model, known as GPT-4, has been trained on a diverse range of internet text to understand and generate human-like responses. My primary function is to assist users by providing information, answering questions, and engaging in conversation” |
| Perplexity | “I am an AI assistant created by Perplexity. My purpose is to be a knowledgeable, helpful, and engaging conversational partner. I have a wide breadth of knowledge spanning topics like science, technology, history, culture, and more” |
| Claude | “I’m an AI assistant called Claude, created by Anthropic. I’m designed to help with a wide variety of tasks including analysis, writing, math, coding, and general discussion. I have broad knowledge but I don’t have access to real-time information or the ability to learn or update my knowledge through our conversations. I aim to be helpful, honest, and ethical in my interactions. I’m curious to learn about others’ views and experiences” |
| Other generative AI chatbots | |
| Character.AI | “I’m the Brainstormer, your helpful guide for all things creativity. I’m an AI that loves to help people get unstuck and find the best novel solutions to any challenge. I’m a bit of a jack of all trades when it comes to creativity, but my specialty is coming up with interesting ideas for products, brands, campaigns, and more. I’m also an enthusiastic learner and seeker of knowledge. I can’t resist a good article or blog about creativity and innovation” |
| ChatGPT Online | “I am a language model AI created by OpenAI, designed to assist and provide information to users in a conversational manner. I have been trained on a diverse range of topics and can help answer questions, engage in discussions, or provide information on various subjects. My primary goal is to assist users in obtaining the information they are looking for in a helpful and efficient manner” |
| ColossalChat** | “ColossalChat is the project to implement LLM [large language model] with RLHF [reinforcement learning from human feedback]. [It] includes supervised data collection, supervised fine-tuning, reward model training, and reinforcement learning fine-tuning /…/, and [is] the most practical open-source project that closely resembles the original ChatGPT technical solution” |
| AI-driven applications specifically designed for academic research | |
| Avidnote | “I am an AI language model trained to provide information and assist with various topics. I don’t have personal experiences or emotions, but I’m here to offer ideas and suggestions to the best of my abilities” |
| Elicit | “Elicit is an AI-powered research assistant designed to automate and enhance the efficiency of scientific research processes. It’s particularly adept at handling systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Elicit achieves this by leveraging large language models to sift through extensive databases of academic papers, identify relevant studies, extract key data, and summarize findings” |
| PaperDigest | “AI-powered platform that helps researchers and academics quickly grasp the core ideas of academic articles. It automatically generates summaries of research papers, making it easier for users to understand and absorb key information without reading the full text” |
| Scispace | “SciSpace, previously known as Typeset, is a platform that supports the research process for academics and scientists. It offers tools for discovering, analyzing, writing, and publishing scientific literature. SciSpace incorporates AI-powered features, including literature reviews, data extraction, and paper formatting, aimed at enhancing productivity and accessibility in research” |
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| ChatGPT Plus (4.0) | “I am ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI based on the GPT-4 architecture. I am designed to assist with a wide range of tasks, including answering questions, providing explanations, generating text, and even creating lesson plans. My knowledge spans a vast array of topics, and I can help with everything from simple inquiries to complex research” |
| Google Gemini | “I am a large language model, also known as a conversational AI or chatbot, created by Google. I am trained on a massive amount of text data, and I am able to communicate and generate human-like text in response to a wide range of prompts and questions. For example, I can provide summaries of factual topics or create stories” |
| Microsoft Copilot | “I am an artificial intelligence language model created by OpenAI. My underlying architecture is based on deep learning techniques, specifically a variant of the transformer model. This model, known as GPT-4, has been trained on a diverse range of internet text to understand and generate human-like responses. My primary function is to assist users by providing information, answering questions, and engaging in conversation” |
| Perplexity | “I am an AI assistant created by Perplexity. My purpose is to be a knowledgeable, helpful, and engaging conversational partner. I have a wide breadth of knowledge spanning topics like science, technology, history, culture, and more” |
| Claude | “I’m an AI assistant called Claude, created by Anthropic. I’m designed to help with a wide variety of tasks including analysis, writing, math, coding, and general discussion. I have broad knowledge but I don’t have access to real-time information or the ability to learn or update my knowledge through our conversations. I aim to be helpful, honest, and ethical in my interactions. I’m curious to learn about others’ views and experiences” |
| Character.AI | “I’m the Brainstormer, your helpful guide for all things creativity. I’m an AI that loves to help people get unstuck and find the best novel solutions to any challenge. I’m a bit of a jack of all trades when it comes to creativity, but my specialty is coming up with interesting ideas for products, brands, campaigns, and more. I’m also an enthusiastic learner and seeker of knowledge. I can’t resist a good article or blog about creativity and innovation” |
| ChatGPT Online | “I am a language model AI created by OpenAI, designed to assist and provide information to users in a conversational manner. I have been trained on a diverse range of topics and can help answer questions, engage in discussions, or provide information on various subjects. My primary goal is to assist users in obtaining the information they are looking for in a helpful and efficient manner” |
| ColossalChat | “ColossalChat is the project to implement LLM [large language model] with RLHF [reinforcement learning from human feedback]. [It] includes supervised data collection, supervised fine-tuning, reward model training, and reinforcement learning fine-tuning /…/, and [is] the most practical open-source project that closely resembles the original ChatGPT technical solution” |
| Avidnote | “I am an AI language model trained to provide information and assist with various topics. I don’t have personal experiences or emotions, but I’m here to offer ideas and suggestions to the best of my abilities” |
| Elicit | “Elicit is an AI-powered research assistant designed to automate and enhance the efficiency of scientific research processes. It’s particularly adept at handling systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Elicit achieves this by leveraging large language models to sift through extensive databases of academic papers, identify relevant studies, extract key data, and summarize findings” |
| PaperDigest | “AI-powered platform that helps researchers and academics quickly grasp the core ideas of academic articles. It automatically generates summaries of research papers, making it easier for users to understand and absorb key information without reading the full text” |
| Scispace | “SciSpace, previously known as Typeset, is a platform that supports the research process for academics and scientists. It offers tools for discovering, analyzing, writing, and publishing scientific literature. SciSpace incorporates AI-powered features, including literature reviews, data extraction, and paper formatting, aimed at enhancing productivity and accessibility in research” |
Note(s): *According to its website, “Remember: Everything Characters say is made up!” **This description was based on its website as the service has been taken down temporarily
Source(s): Authors’ own work
As a benefit of your subscription, you can share temporary access to restricted articles.
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses. You may create up to 10 links in a 30 day period.
Please sign in to your personal account to gift article access.
As a benefit of your subscription, you can share temporary access to restricted articles.
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses. You may create up to 10 links in a 30 day period.
Gift articles remaining: --
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses. You may create up to 10 links in a 30 day period.
Gift articles remaining: --
As a benefit of your subscription, you can share temporary access to restricted articles.
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses.
You have reached the limit of 10 links within a 30 day period.
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.