Table 2.

Areas for further exploration in KH research

Research focusPotential research questionsPotential theories
Expanding understanding of KH's effects1. Under what conditions does KH contribute to individual or organisational innovation?
2. In what ways does KH serve as a coping mechanism for employees, potentially leading to improved well-being or stress reduction?
3. In what scenarios does KH contribute to building an individual’s reputation or perceived expertise within an organisation?
4. Can KH facilitate the protection of sensitive or proprietary information, enhancing organisational security and intellectual property protection?
5. What role does KH play in managing interpersonal dynamics and conflicts within teams?
Expectancy theory, impression management theory, information gap theory, boundary spanning theory, intellectual capital theory
Exploring subjective experiences of KH1. How do personal values and beliefs influence an individual's decision to hide knowledge? 
2. In what ways does the perception of KH vary among different cultures or organisational contexts?
3. How do individuals rationalise or justify KH to themselves, and what subjective processes are involved in these rationalisations?
4. Can the subjective value or perceived uniqueness of the knowledge influence the decision to hide it?
Construal level theory, narrative identity theory, self-categorisation theory, action identification theory
Investigating strategic aspects of KH1. How do individuals use KH as a strategy for career advancement or protecting intellectual assets? 
2. What are the long-term outcomes of strategic KH for both the individual and the organisation?
3. How do individuals assess the risks and benefits of KH in strategic decision-making processes?
Game theory. prospect theory, competence motivation theory, expectancy theory
Understanding non-relational influences on KH1. How do technological advancements and digital work environments influence employees' propensity to engage in KH?
2. Can physical workspace design contribute to the occurrence of KH among employees?
3. To what extent do external pressures, such as market competition or regulatory changes, drive KH behaviours in organisations?
4. Are there industry-specific determinants that significantly influence the prevalence of KH practices?
Socio-technical systems theory, cultural schema theory, contingency theory, institutional theory 
Source: Table by authors

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