Table 1

Sample characteristics

CharacteristicsNumbersPercentage
Industry types
Electronics and electrical appliances7931.4%
Metal, machinery and engineering7730.6%
Food, beverages, alcohol and tobacco176.7%
Pharmaceutical industry176.7%
Building materials166.3%
Textiles and clothing166.3%
Chemicals and petrochemicals124.7%
Rubber and plastics62.3%
Other51.9%
Wood and furniture41.5%
Arts and crafts10.3%
Publishing and printing10.3%
Firm age
3 years and under20.7%
4–6 years62.3%
7–15 years9738.6%
16–25 years10541.8%
26–40 years3513.9%
Over 40 years62.3%
Employee numbers
100 and under155.9%
101–5008132.2%
501–1,0007931.4%
1,001–5,0005622.3%
5,001–10000114.3%
10,001–3000062.3%
Over 30,00031.1%
Type of Ownership
State-owned or state-controlled249.5%
Private (Mainland China)20079.6%
Sino-foreign joint venture187.1%
Wholly foreign-owned93.5%
Degree of Internationalization
No Internationalization3513.9%
Low Degree of Internationalization11244.6%
Moderate Degree of Internationalization9638.2%
High Degree of Internationalization83.1%
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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