Criteria adopted for the analysis
| ID | Criterion | Sub-criterion | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Relevance | 1.1 Alignment with national goals | OECD (2021) | The Sub-criterion assesses the degree to which the quantum strategy aligns with overarching national objectives, such as economic growth and technological leadership. A high score reflects a strategy that articulates clear contributions of quantum initiatives to national goals |
| 1.2 Transition to quantum-safe cryptography | WEF (2024), NIST (2022) | The Sub-criterion evaluates the strategic plans for transitioning existing cryptographic systems to quantum-safe alternatives. A comprehensive roadmap for implementing post-quantum cryptography across critical infrastructure earns a high score | ||
| 2 | Coherence | 2.1 Integration with existing policies (e.g. AI policy) | OECD (2021) | The Sub-criterion examines the extent to which the quantum strategy integrates with existing science and technology policies. A high score is awarded to strategies that complement and build upon existing initiatives coherently |
| 2.2 Stakeholder engagement | WEF (2024) | The Sub-criterion evaluates the involvement of key stakeholders in the development of the quantum strategy Strategies developed through extensive consultation with industry, academia and civil society receive high scores | ||
| 3 | Effectiveness | 3.1 Achievement of goals | OECD (2021) | The Sub-criterion evaluates the presence and quality of measurement frameworks and indicators designed to track progress towards quantum capability objectives. Given the emerging nature of quantum technologies and strategies, the focus is on assessing whether robust monitoring mechanisms are in place, rather than actual achievement of targets |
| 3.2 Research-private sector collaboration | WEF (2024) | The Sub-criterion assesses initiatives that foster collaboration between research institutions and private companies in the development of quantum technologies. Strategies with well-funded joint R&D programmes receive high scores | ||
| 4 | Efficiency | 4.1 Resource allocation | OECD (2021) | The Sub-criterion evaluates the effectiveness of resource allocation within the quantum strategy. Strategies prioritising investments in areas with the greatest potential impact are rated highly |
| 4.2 Commercialisation strategies | WEF (2024) | The Sub-criterion assesses the strategies aimed at facilitating the transition from research breakthroughs to commercial applications. Strategies with targeted support for quantum startups and technology transfer initiatives score highly | ||
| 5 | Governance | 5.1 Governance structure | OECD (2021) | The Sub-criterion examines the governance structure, coordination mechanisms and decision-making processes defined in the national strategy. Strategies with clear roles and responsibilities for implementation and monitoring receive high scores |
| 6 | Impact | 6.1 Workforce development initiatives | WEF (2024) | The Sub-criterion evaluates programmes aimed at developing a skilled workforce capable of engaging with quantum technologies. Strategies with comprehensive education and training initiatives across various expertise levels earn high scores |
| 6.2 Economic growth | OECD (2021) | The Sub-criterion assesses the broader economic benefits derived from the national quantum strategy, including job creation and innovation growth. Strategies demonstrating significant contributions to economic development receive high scores | ||
| 6.3 Societal benefits | WEF (2024) | The Sub-criterion evaluates the societal impacts of quantum initiatives, such as improvements in public services and health-care outcomes. Strategies prioritising applications with the greatest potential societal benefits score highly |
| Criterion | Sub-criterion | Source | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Relevance | 1.1 Alignment with national goals | The Sub-criterion assesses the degree to which the quantum strategy aligns with overarching national objectives, such as economic growth and technological leadership. A high score reflects a strategy that articulates clear contributions of quantum initiatives to national goals | |
| 1.2 Transition to quantum-safe cryptography | The Sub-criterion evaluates the strategic plans for transitioning existing cryptographic systems to quantum-safe alternatives. A comprehensive roadmap for implementing post-quantum cryptography across critical infrastructure earns a high score | |||
| 2 | Coherence | 2.1 Integration with existing policies (e.g. | The Sub-criterion examines the extent to which the quantum strategy integrates with existing science and technology policies. A high score is awarded to strategies that complement and build upon existing initiatives coherently | |
| 2.2 Stakeholder engagement | The Sub-criterion evaluates the involvement of key stakeholders in the development of the quantum strategy Strategies developed through extensive consultation with industry, academia and civil society receive high scores | |||
| 3 | Effectiveness | 3.1 Achievement of goals | The Sub-criterion evaluates the presence and quality of measurement frameworks and indicators designed to track progress towards quantum capability objectives. Given the emerging nature of quantum technologies and strategies, the focus is on assessing whether robust monitoring mechanisms are in place, rather than actual achievement of targets | |
| 3.2 Research-private sector collaboration | The Sub-criterion assesses initiatives that foster collaboration between research institutions and private companies in the development of quantum technologies. Strategies with well-funded joint R&D programmes receive high scores | |||
| 4 | Efficiency | 4.1 Resource allocation | The Sub-criterion evaluates the effectiveness of resource allocation within the quantum strategy. Strategies prioritising investments in areas with the greatest potential impact are rated highly | |
| 4.2 Commercialisation strategies | The Sub-criterion assesses the strategies aimed at facilitating the transition from research breakthroughs to commercial applications. Strategies with targeted support for quantum startups and technology transfer initiatives score highly | |||
| 5 | Governance | 5.1 Governance structure | The Sub-criterion examines the governance structure, coordination mechanisms and decision-making processes defined in the national strategy. Strategies with clear roles and responsibilities for implementation and monitoring receive high scores | |
| 6 | Impact | 6.1 Workforce development initiatives | The Sub-criterion evaluates programmes aimed at developing a skilled workforce capable of engaging with quantum technologies. Strategies with comprehensive education and training initiatives across various expertise levels earn high scores | |
| 6.2 Economic growth | The Sub-criterion assesses the broader economic benefits derived from the national quantum strategy, including job creation and innovation growth. Strategies demonstrating significant contributions to economic development receive high scores | |||
| 6.3 Societal benefits | The Sub-criterion evaluates the societal impacts of quantum initiatives, such as improvements in public services and health-care outcomes. Strategies prioritising applications with the greatest potential societal benefits score highly |
research and development (R&D)
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