Table 2

Factor structure –resilience and sustainable livelihood outcome – improved well-being

CodesItemsFactor loadings
 Resilience to shocks (VCRSH) 
VCRSH1I am prepared to deal with natural shocks (e.g. landslides, floods and droughts) if they occur in the national park-adjacent community where I live or work0.850
VCRSH2I have devised an emergency plan to deal with health-related shocks (illnesses and epidemics) if they occur in the national park-adjacent community where I live or work0.905
VCRSH3I can still find alternative sources of income amidst natural disasters and/or health-related epidemics if they occur in the national park-adjacent community where I live or work0.819
VCRSH4I have access to sufficient financial resources to ensure that I recover from the threats posed by natural disasters and/or health-related epidemics0.620
VCRSH5I regularly save money from my income to deal with financial crises0.524
 Resilience to displacement risk (VCRD) 
VCRD1I will receive adequate compensation to enable me to relocate in case I lose my property due to tourism-related development in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.576
VCRD2I can easily find work opportunities if I am displaced from the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.952
VCRD3I would still find a sense of belonging if I am displaced from the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.873
VCRD4If displacement from the national park community where I live/work was to occur, my household would be able to draw on the support of family and friends to ensure that we recover0.687
 Resilience to seasonality (VCRS) 
VCRS1I can find alternative employment during the off-peak tourism seasons in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.705
VCRS2I am engaged in multiple income-generating activities to cater for seasonal changes in tourism (peak and off-peak seasons) in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.697
VCRS3I can devise means of paying for basic utilities (water/electricity) in case of price fluctuations due to seasonal changes in tourism in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.406
VCRS4I am able to buy food for my household even when there is less demand for tourism products in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.885
VCRS5I can devise means of providing adequate health care for members of my household in case of less demand for tourism products in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.843
VCRS6I devise means of providing for the education of members of my household in case of less demand for tourism products in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.678
 Sustainable livelihood outcome (improved well-being) (SLWB) 
SLWB3I feel hopeful about the future0.555
SLWB4I feel safe from violence at home0.676
SLWB5I feel safe from violence in the park-adjacent community where I live/work0.652
SLWB7I have access to adequate means of communication in the national park-adjacent community where I live/work0.546
SLWB8I feel able to live my life the way I want0.599
SLWB9I enjoy my personal life0.790
SLWB10I am happy with the quality of my sleep0.732
SLWB11I am happy with the state of my physical health0.831
SLWB12I have no problem with my mental health0.629
SLWB13I contribute to and have some control over community life0.541
SLWB14I am happy with my friendships and personal relationships0.817
SLWB15I am able to ask someone for help in case I have a problem0.773

Source(s): Primary data

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