Results of multilevel modeling analysis on organizational identification
| Model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level and variable | (Step 1) | (Step 2) | (Step 3) | (Step 4) |
| Level 1 | ||||
| Intercept (γ00) | 3.520*** (0.046) | 3.437*** (0.035) | 3.439*** (0.036) | 3.437*** (0.035) |
| Age (γ10) | 0.065*** (0.008) | 0.066*** (0.008) | 0.066*** (0.008) | |
| Education (γ20) | 0.039* (0.016) | 0.042* (0.016) | 0.042* (0.016) | |
| Seniority (γ30) | 0.054*** (0.009) | 0.053*** (0.008) | 0.053*** (0.009) | |
| Sustainable HRM (γ40) | 0.430*** (0.009) | 0.427*** (0.021) | 0.430*** (0.017) | |
| Level 2 | ||||
| Gross national income (GNI) (γ01) | −0.002*** (0.001) | −0.002** (0.001) | −0.002** (0.001) | |
| Performance orientation (γ02) | 0.068 (0.159) | 0.095 (0.156) | 0.071 (0.159) | |
| Assertiveness (γ03) | −0.106 (0.145) | −0.076 (0.142) | −0.106 (0.145) | |
| Future orientation (γ04) | −0.053 (0.144) | −0.057 (0.141) | −0.052 (0.144) | |
| Humane orientation (γ05) | 0.261 (0.135) | 0.220 (0.131) | 0.256 (0.135) | |
| Institutional collectivism (γ06) | −0.317* (0.145) | −0.308* (0.142) | −0.318* (0.145) | |
| In-group collectivism (γ07) | 0.100 (0.112) | 0.106 (0.110) | 0.118 (0.111) | |
| Gender egalitarianism (γ08) | −0.037 (0.138) | −0.038 (0.138) | −0.038 (0.138) | |
| Power distance (γ09) | −0.175 (0.141) | −0.136 (0.139) | −0.179 (0.142) | |
| Uncertainty avoidance (γ010) | 0.158 (0.115) | 0.179 (0.113) | 0.169 (0.116) | |
| Cross-level interaction | ||||
| SusHRM x Performance orientation (γ42) | 0.050 (0.077) | |||
| SusHRM x Assertiveness (γ43) | 0.089 (0.072) | |||
| SusHRM x Future orientation (γ44) | −0.035 (0.068) | |||
| SusHRM x Humane orientation (γ45) | −0.112** (0.042) | |||
| SusHRM x Institutional collectivism (γ46) | 0.027 (0.068) | |||
| SusHRM x In-group collectivism (γ47) | −0.026 (0.036) | |||
| SusHRM x Gender egalitarianism (γ48) | 0.137* (0.065) | |||
| SusHRM x Power distance (γ49) | 0.086 (0.070) | |||
| SusHRM x Uncertainty avoidance (γ410) | 0.054 (0.054) | |||
| Variance components | ||||
| Within-culture (L1) variance (σ2) | 0.693 | 0.564 | 0.557 | 0.557 |
| Intercept (L2) variance (τ00) | 0.110 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.039 |
| Slope (L2) variance (τ11) | 0.012 | 0.006 | ||
| Intercept-slope (L2) correlation | −0.296 | −0.312 | ||
| Additional information | ||||
| ICC | 0.137 | |||
| −2 log likelihood (FIML) | 18019.351 | 11852.004*** | 11816.953*** | 11810.509*** |
| AIC | 36044.702 | 23738.008 | 23671.906 | 23577.018 |
| R2 marginal/conditional | 0/0.14 | 0.24/0.30 | 0.23/0.30 | 0.25/0.30 |
| Model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level and variable | (Step 1) | (Step 2) | (Step 3) | (Step 4) |
| Intercept (γ00) | 3.520*** (0.046) | 3.437*** (0.035) | 3.439*** (0.036) | 3.437*** (0.035) |
| Age (γ10) | 0.065*** (0.008) | 0.066*** (0.008) | 0.066*** (0.008) | |
| Education (γ20) | 0.039* (0.016) | 0.042* (0.016) | 0.042* (0.016) | |
| Seniority (γ30) | 0.054*** (0.009) | 0.053*** (0.008) | 0.053*** (0.009) | |
| Sustainable HRM (γ40) | 0.430*** (0.009) | 0.427*** (0.021) | 0.430*** (0.017) | |
| Gross national income (GNI) (γ01) | −0.002*** (0.001) | −0.002** (0.001) | −0.002** (0.001) | |
| Performance orientation (γ02) | 0.068 (0.159) | 0.095 (0.156) | 0.071 (0.159) | |
| Assertiveness (γ03) | −0.106 (0.145) | −0.076 (0.142) | −0.106 (0.145) | |
| Future orientation (γ04) | −0.053 (0.144) | −0.057 (0.141) | −0.052 (0.144) | |
| Humane orientation (γ05) | 0.261 (0.135) | 0.220 (0.131) | 0.256 (0.135) | |
| Institutional collectivism (γ06) | −0.317* (0.145) | −0.308* (0.142) | −0.318* (0.145) | |
| In-group collectivism (γ07) | 0.100 (0.112) | 0.106 (0.110) | 0.118 (0.111) | |
| Gender egalitarianism (γ08) | −0.037 (0.138) | −0.038 (0.138) | −0.038 (0.138) | |
| Power distance (γ09) | −0.175 (0.141) | −0.136 (0.139) | −0.179 (0.142) | |
| Uncertainty avoidance (γ010) | 0.158 (0.115) | 0.179 (0.113) | 0.169 (0.116) | |
| SusHRM x Performance orientation (γ42) | 0.050 (0.077) | |||
| SusHRM x Assertiveness (γ43) | 0.089 (0.072) | |||
| SusHRM x Future orientation (γ44) | −0.035 (0.068) | |||
| SusHRM x Humane orientation (γ45) | −0.112** (0.042) | |||
| SusHRM x Institutional collectivism (γ46) | 0.027 (0.068) | |||
| SusHRM x In-group collectivism (γ47) | −0.026 (0.036) | |||
| SusHRM x Gender egalitarianism (γ48) | 0.137* (0.065) | |||
| SusHRM x Power distance (γ49) | 0.086 (0.070) | |||
| SusHRM x Uncertainty avoidance (γ410) | 0.054 (0.054) | |||
| Within-culture (L1) variance (σ2) | 0.693 | 0.564 | 0.557 | 0.557 |
| Intercept (L2) variance (τ00) | 0.110 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.039 |
| Slope (L2) variance (τ11) | 0.012 | 0.006 | ||
| Intercept-slope (L2) correlation | −0.296 | −0.312 | ||
| ICC | 0.137 | |||
| −2 log likelihood (FIML) | 18019.351 | 11852.004*** | 11816.953*** | 11810.509*** |
| AIC | 36044.702 | 23738.008 | 23671.906 | 23577.018 |
| 0/0.14 | 0.24/0.30 | 0.23/0.30 | 0.25/0.30 | |
Note(s): FIML = full information maximum likelihood estimation; L1 = Level 1; L2 = Level 2. L1 sample size = 10,421 and L2 sample size = 35. Values in parentheses are standard errors; t-statistics were computed as the ratio of each regression coefficient divided by its standard error; *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01
Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration
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