Figure 2
The diagram is divided into two overarching frameworks: “Design Science” (left) and “Theoretical Science” (right), further organized into four numbered phases: “1. Problem Investigation,” “2. Solution Design,” “3. Design Validation,” and “4. Theory.” Each phase is enclosed within a dashed box, and the blocks include section references in parentheses. “1. Problem Investigation” contains two stacked rectangular text boxes: “Problem Definition and Literature Review (section 2)” and “Research Design (section 3).” An arrow connects this phase to the next. “2. Solution Design” includes a central shaded rectangular box labeled “Design a Reference Architecture for Heatwaves Risk Assessment process (section 4).” Two arrows extend downward from this box to two circles labeled “Define B P M N (section 4.1)” and “Define Architecture (section 4.2).” Below each circle is a visual icon representing personnel, labeled “Experts Group 1” and “Experts Group 2,” respectively. Both circles feed into a bottom box labeled “Research Contribution.” An arrow connects this phase to the next. “3. Design Validation” includes a central shaded rectangular box labeled “Solution Validation (section 5).” It branches downward into three circles labeled “Assess Heat Mock-up (section 5.1),” “Experts Group (section 5.2),” and “S W O T (section 5.2).” Below the “Experts Group” circle is a personnel icon labeled “Experts Group 3.” An arrow connects this phase to the final one. “4. Theory” includes a single shaded rectangular box labeled “Solution Implementation (Future Research).” “Problem Investigation” and “Solution Design” fall under “Design Science,” while “Design Validation” and “Theory” fall under “Theoretical Science.”A comprehensive DSR methodology for the reference architecture, mapping the research sections and the main research contribution. Source: Authors’ own work