Figure 2
The diagram shows a structural equation model diagram with ten oval-shaped latent variables connected by directional arrows and observed variables shown as rectangles. Each latent variable is measured by multiple indicators with standardized loading values. “T” is positioned at the top left. Three leftward arrows from it point to indicators “T 2,” “T 3,” and “T 4,” arranged in a vertical series, with loadings of 0.91, 0.81, and 0.89, respectively. At the far left, small circles labeled “e 4,” “e 3,” and “e 2,” from top to bottom, connect through rightward arrows to “T 2,” “T 3,” and “T 4,” with coefficients of 0.84, 0.65, and 0.78, respectively. Below “T,” “S” connects to “S 1,” “S 2,” “S 3,” and “S 5,” with loadings of 0.90, 0.85, 0.91, and 0.91. At its far left, small circles labeled “e 10,” “e 9,” “e 8,” and “e 7,” from top to bottom, connect through rightward arrows to “S 1,” “S 2,” “S 3,” and “S 5,” with coefficients of 0.81, 0.73, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. To the right of “T” and “S,” “S E” connects through rightward arrows to “S E 1,” “S E 3,” and “S E 4,” with loadings of 0.74, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively. At its far right, small circles labeled “e 27,” “e 28,” and “e 29,” from top to bottom, connect through leftward arrows to “S E 1,” “S E 3,” and “S E 4,” with coefficients of 0.91, 0.93, and 0.74, respectively. Beneath “S E,” “P E O U” is connected by rightward arrows to indicators arranged in a vertical series and labeled “P E O U 4,” “P E O U 3,” and “P E O U 2,” with loadings of 0.93, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively. At its far right, small circles labeled “e 32,” “e 33,” and “e 34,” from top to bottom, connect through leftward arrows to “P E O U 4,” “P E O U 3,” and “P E O U 2,” with coefficients of 0.86, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. Beneath “P E O U,” “P U” is connected by rightward arrows to indicators arranged in a vertical series and labeled “P U 4,” “P U 3,” “P U 2,” and “P U 1,” with loadings of 0.89, 0.91, 11.94, and 0.87, respectively. At its far right, small circles labeled “e 37,” “e 38,” “e 39,” and “e 40,” from top to bottom, connect through leftward arrows to “P U 4,” “P U 3,” “P U 2,” and “P U 1,” with coefficients of 0.78, 0.83, 0.88, and 0.75, respectively. Beneath them, “C I” is connected by rightward arrows to indicators arranged in a vertical series and labeled “C I 5,” “C I 4,” “C I 2,” and “C I 1,” with loadings of 0.92, 0.94, 0.95, and 0.91, respectively. At its far right, small circles labeled “e 41,” “e 42,” “e 43,” and “e 44,” from top to bottom, connect through leftward arrows to “C I 5,” “C I 4,” “C I 2,” and “C I 1,” with coefficients of 0.84, 0.88, 0.90, and 0.83, respectively. At the bottom, “A U” is connected by rightward arrows to indicators arranged in a vertical series and labeled “A U 5,” “A U 4,” “A U 3,” and “A U 2,” with loadings of 0.92, 0.90, 0.91, and 0.89, respectively. At its far right, small circles labeled “e 46,” “e 47,” “e 48,” and “e 49,” from top to bottom, connect through leftward arrows to “A U 5,” “A U 4,” “A U 3,” and “A U 2,” with coefficients of 0.84, 0.80, 0.62, and 0.78, respectively. In the middle left, “I M” connects through leftward arrows to “I M 1,” “I M 2,” “I M 3,” “I M 4,” and “I M 5,” with loadings of 0.92, 0.93, 0.93, 0.90, and 0.93, respectively. At its far left, small circles labeled “e 15,” “e 14,” “e 13,” “e 12,” and “e 11,” from top to bottom, connect through rightward arrows to “I M 1,” “I M 2,” “I M 3,” “I M 4,” and “I M 5,” with coefficients of 0.84, 0.86, 0.87, 0.81, and 0.86, respectively. Beneath “I M,” “F C” connects through leftward arrows to “F C 2,” “F C 3,” and “F C 5,” with loadings of 0.95, 0.94, and 0.89, respectively. At its far left, small circles labeled “e 19,” “e 18,” and “e 17,” from top to bottom, connect through rightward arrows to “F C 2,” “F C 3,” and “F C 5,” with coefficients of 0.90, 0.88, and 0.79, respectively. At the bottom left, “S I” connects through leftward arrows to “S I 1,” “S I 2,” “S I 3,” and “S I 4,” with loadings of 0.89, 0.89, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively. At its far left, small circles labeled “e 25,” “e 24,” “e 23,” and “e 22,” from top to bottom, connect through rightward arrows to “S I 1,” “S I 2,” “S I 3,” and “S I 4,” with coefficients of 0.80, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.82, respectively. All ten oval-shaped latent variables — “T,” “S,” “I M,” “F C,” “S I,” “S E,” “P E O U,” “P U,” “C I,” and “A U” — are interconnected by double-headed arrows representing correlations.Measurement models analysis