Figure 1
The illustration displays a three-dimensional C A D rendering of a mechanical assembly. At the top is a large, circular wheel with a central hole, multiple concentric grooves, and detailed rim geometry. This wheel is mounted above a horizontal rail section, which appears rectangular with flanges and recesses. The scene is oriented in a right-handed coordinate system as shown by the axes at the bottom-left corner (x: red, y: green, z: blue). The horizontal (y) axis from the bottom front to inside the plane ranges from negative 200 millimeters to 400 millimeters with an interval of 200 millimeters. The vertical (z) axis on the right ranges from negative 500 millimeters to 0 millimeters.Wheel–rail model. Source(s): Authors’ own work