Figure 1
The manufacturing process diagram shows three large, horizontally arranged labeled boxes. From left to right, the first box, “Raw materials preparation,” illustrates quarrying raw materials with a pickaxe and cart icon labeled “Indirect Emissions,” leading by a right-pointing arrow to “crushing” indicated by a crusher icon. This leads to the second box, “Clinker production.” A right-pointing arrow from crushing connects to “Pre-homogenising and Raw meal grinding” with a grinding mill icon labeled above with “Indirect Emissions.” A right-pointing arrow leads to “Pre-heating” with a thermometer icon labeled above with “Direct Emissions,” then a right-pointing arrow to “Pre-calcining” with a heating pipe icon labeled above with “Direct Emissions.” A right-pointing arrow connects to “Clinker production in rotary kiln” with a rotary kiln icon labeled below with “C E M S and Stack Monitoring” and “Direct Emissions.” A rightward arrow leads to “Cooling and storage” with two tall cylindrical silo icons. Cooling and storage lead to the third box, “Clinker grinding with other components to produce cement.” A right-pointing arrow leads to “Blending,” then another right-pointing arrow to “Cement grinding,” and finally a right-pointing arrow to “Storing in the cement silo.” Above blending and cement grinding, “Indirect Emissions” is labeled.Cement manufacturing process, divided into its three main stages and noting the major emitting steps. Source: Authors' own creation/work