Figure 5
The sequence diagram illustrates the data flow and interactions between five vertical entities: “C E M S and S M Oracles,” “Cement Manufacturer,” “Regulatory Authority,” “Sustainability Certification S C,” and “I P F S slash Decentralised storage.” Horizontal dashed lines represent the sequence of events over time, and a vertical line is present under each entity. A legend on the right indicates that “Events” are represented by a dashed red line with solid blue and red circular markers, and “on-chain” is represented by a black arrow. The sequence begins with a dashed red line with solid blue and red circular markers from “Cement Manufacturer” to “I P F S slash Decentralised storage” labeled “Connection established, reporting started.” Above this, an arrow labeled “Establish connection with manufacturer C E M S and S M oracles” extends leftward from “Sustainability Certification S C” back to “C E M S and S M Oracles.” Next, a black right-pointing arrow, representing a process, goes from “C E M S and S M Oracles” to “Sustainability Certification S C” labeled “Pull periodic emissions levels.” Following this, a black rightward arrow goes from “C E M S and S M Oracles” to “Sustainability Certification S C,” labeled “Violation notices if C E M S detects emissions above limits.” A dashed arrow from “Sustainability Certification S C” to itself is labeled “Calculate averages, update latest readings.” Next, a rightward black arrow goes from “Cement Manufacturer” to “I P F S slash Decentralised storage” labeled “Upload self-reported information to I P F S, get hash (Mass balance, raw material inputs, process changes, etcetera).” This is followed by a solid rightward black arrow from “C E M S and S M Oracles” to “Sustainability Certification S C” labeled “Upload self-reporting I P F S.” The sequence concludes with a dashed red line with solid blue and red circular markers from “Cement Manufacturer” to “Sustainability Certification S C” labeled “Self-reporting cycle complete, announce periodic emissions averages and reports I P F S hash.”Sequence diagram illustrating the interactions of stakeholders with the SCs in the reporting phase of the proposed framework. Source: Authors' own creation/work