Figure 7
The sequence diagram displays seven actors at the top from left to right: “C E M S and S M Oracles,” with a thermometer and scale icon; “Cement Manufacturer,” with a cement bag icon; “Regulatory Authority,” with a classical building icon; “Independent Investigator,” with a clipboard and checkmark icon; “Sustainability Certification S C,” with a document and gear icon; “Audit S C,” with a document and gear icon; and “I P F S slash Decentralised storage,” with a server and data icon. Vertical dashed lines descend from each actor. A legend box positioned on the right displays “Legend,” with “Events” indicated by a red dashed line segment with red and blue dots, “On-Chain” indicated by a black solid horizontal arrow, and “Off-Chain” indicated by a blue solid horizontal arrow. From top to bottom, the interactions proceed as follows: An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Regulatory Authority” to “Audit S C,” labeled “Deploy audit S C.” An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Regulatory Authority” to “Audit S C,” labeled “Request audit of manufacturer reporting (Manufacturer E A).” An “Events” arrow from “Cement Manufacturer” extending rightward to “I P F S Slash Decentralised storage,” with a red dot on “Cement Manufacturer,” a blue dot on “Audit S C,” and a red dot on “I P F S Slash Decentralised storage,” labeled “Audit event announced.” An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Independent Investigator” to “Audit S C,” labeled “Accept audit request.” An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Independent Investigator” to “I P F S Slash Decentralised storage,” labeled “Check manufacturer reporting information.” An “Off-Chain” arrow pointing left from “Independent Investigator” to “Cement Manufacturer,” labeled “Audit manufacturer’s reporting practices and plant conditions.” An “Off-Chain” arrow pointing left from “Independent Investigator” to “C E M S and S M Oracles,” labeled “Check C E M S and S M.” An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Independent Investigator” to “Sustainability Certification S C,” labeled “Review previous cycle reporting,” and from “Independent Investigator” to “I P F S Slash Decentralised storage,” labeled “Review previous cycle reporting.” An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Independent Investigator” to “I P F S Slash Decentralised storage,” labeled “Upload audit report to I P F S, get hash.” An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Independent Investigator” to “Audit S C,” labeled “Update audit result, provide audit report I P F S hash.” An “Events” arrow from “Cement Manufacturer” extending rightward to “I P F S Slash Decentralised storage,” with a red dot on “Cement Manufacturer,” a blue dot on “Audit S C,” and a red dot on “I P F S Slash Decentralised storage,” labeled “Audit result available (report I P F S hash).” An “On-Chain” arrow pointing right from “Regulatory Authority” to “Audit S C,” labeled “Review audit results, approve (or reject and request another audit).” An “Events” arrow from “Cement Manufacturer” extending rightward to “I P F S slash Decentralised storage,” with a red dot on “Cement Manufacturer,” a blue dot on “Audit S C,” and a red dot on “I P F S slash Decentralised storage,” with a red box surrounding the label “Audit complete, announce result” and vertical text on the right reading “IF audit results approved.”Sequence diagram illustrating the interactions of stakeholders with the SCs in the Auditing phase of the proposed framework. Source: Authors' own creation/work