Figure 1
The diagram shows three concentric ovals with a double-headed arrow labeled “Network change in C E transitions” running horizontally through the center. The top half above the arrow is titled “Network-related challenges for C E transitions,” while the lower-left half below the arrow is labeled “Solutions to address the challenges.” In the top section, the innermost oval is labeled “Restructuring existing networks” and contains four challenge statements: “Unclear distribution responsibility and changes in supply chain” “Technical solutions for C E have economic and market limitations” “Integration of C E requires mobilization and integration of other actors” “Resource-intensive infrastructure causes path dependence” The middle oval is labeled “Integrating new actors, resources and activities” and includes the following challenges: “Operational barriers related to lack of infrastructure to close the loop” “Technical challenge related to lacking infrastructure of waste management.” The outermost oval is labeled “Connecting actors holistically” and contains the following challenges: “C E implementations are challenging due to different stakeholders’ interests, expectations, and influence” “Coordination between all stakeholders whose interests and worldviews are different” “Limits of governance and management: Intra-organizational and intra-sectoral management of inter-organizational and inter-sectoral physical flows of materials and energy” “Social challenge related to weak cooperation throughout the supply chain” “Division of costs and benefits related to collaboration in the network at different levels (micro–meso–macro)” “Firms need to change from being firm-centric to becoming network-centric and think of more than gains and losses of the single firm.” Below the central arrow, the “Solutions to address the challenges” section spans horizontally from left to right and includes the following progression: “Embeddedness” and includes “social knowledge and historical build-up” “Interconnectedness” and includes “direct and indirect” “Adaptations” and includes “‘soft’ and ‘hard’” This pattern, from “Embeddedness” to “Interconnectedness” to “Adaptations,” is mirrored symmetrically on both left and right ends of the bottom section. In the center, three premises are listed in italic text: The innermost oval: Premise 1: “Mutual adaptations in business relationships align companies at the dyadic level, extending to restructuring of existing network structures” The middle oval: Premise 2: “Focus on interconnectedness between companies, resources and activities, facilitates integration of new actors and coordination of activities and resources to existing networks” The outermost oval: Premise 3: “Reconciling coordination and support between companies based on experiences and expectations to achieve the individual and collective C E goals.”Network change in CE transitions. Source: Authors’ work