Figure 1
The flowchart is enclosed in a large vertical rectangle and shows three stages, arranged in a vertical series on the left. From top to bottom, these are labeled “Stage 1”, “Stage 2”, and “Stage 3”. Stage 1 comprises two sections. The first section is labeled “Comprehensive search using research protocol”, and the other section is labeled “Selective filtering”. The flowchart begins in “Comprehensive search using research protocol” with a text box labeled “Developing chunk of keywords based on four different categories: Environmental impact, Cost assessment, Optimization algorithms and machine learning, Architectural design process”. A downward arrow leads to the next box labeled “Initial search results in targeted indexed databases: ‘Web of Science’ (W o S): 430, ‘Scopus’: 947”. A downward arrow leads to the next box labeled “English, Article and Review papers, between 2013 to 2023, in the area of Engineering and Construction building technology”. A downward arrow leads to the box labeled “Applying the research protocol: ‘Web of Science’ (W o S): 99, ‘Scopus’: 291”. The next box reads “Merging two libraries and reducing the duplicates: N equals 311”. A downward arrow leads to the second section, “Selective filtering”, of “Stage 1”. In this section, the downward arrow leads to “Title scanning and deleting the irrelevants (N equals 80)”. A downward arrow leads to the box labeled “Abstract and keywords scanning and deleting the irrelevants (N equals 43)”. A downward arrow leads to the box labeled “Snowball approach and selecting relevant papers (N equals 53)”. A downward arrow leads to the box labeled “Reading the full text in detail to select suitable cases (N equals 31)” followed by the last box of “Stage 1” labeled “Search results: 18 papers were collected”. “Stage 2” is placed below Stage 1 and contains a single box with the text “Keyword plus Co-Occurrence analysis using Bibliometrix package in R studio”. “Stage 3” appears below “Stage 2” and contains three stacked boxes. The first box reads “Collecting relevant information from papers”. A downward arrow leads to the next box labeled “Setting up the collected information into 3 main categories with 9 variables”. A final downward arrow leads to the box labeled “Analyzing each variable and summarizing results”.The three-stage process of collecting and analysing papers. Source: The authors