Figure 2
The network map displays multiple clusters of nodes, each represented by circles with labels, connected by thin lines indicating relationships, with labels adjacent to the nodes. At the center, a large blue node labeled “life cycle analysis” connects outward to nodes such as “decision making,” “environmental management,” “air conditioning,” “models,” “insulation,” “structural design,” “economic and social effects,” “learning systems,” “linear programming,” and “residential building.” Below and slightly right of it, a large red node labeled “cost benefit analysis” is directly connected to nodes including “building materials,” “optimal analysis,” “renovation,” “energy efficiency,” “building performance,” “insulation thickness,” and “building energy,” which appears as another large red node in the lower right cluster. Beneath the center, a large red node labeled “multi-objective optimization” is linked to nodes such as “solar buildings,” “sustainability,” “office buildings,” and “multi-objective genetic algorithm.” To the left-center, a large green node labeled “architectural design” connects to nodes including “construction industry,” “climate change,” “heating,” “embodied carbon,” and “carbon dioxide,” which also appears as a green node below it. Slightly above this cluster, a medium-sized purple node labeled “buildings” links to purple nodes such as “sustainable development,” “optimal systems,” “intelligent buildings,” “ecodesign,” “neural networks,” “housing,” and “forecasting.” The node labeled “environmental impact” appears near the center, linking multiple clusters.Keyword plus co-occurrence analysis conducted in R studio using bibliometrix package. Source: The authors