Figure 1
The flowchart is divided into four stages on the left, arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Identification,” “Screening,” “Eligibility,” and “Included.” In the Identification stage, the first text box reads “Records identified through database searching (n 1 equals 554 and n 2 equals 1031).” A downward arrow from the first text box leads to the second text box in the “Screening” stage, which reads “Records after duplicates removed (n 1 equals 477 and n 2 equals 1010).” A downward arrow from the second text box leads to the third text box that reads “Records screened (n 1 equals 477 and n 2 equals 976).” A rightward arrow from the third text box leads to the fourth text box that reads “Records excluded (n 1 equals 454 and n 2 equals 930).” A downward arrow from the third text box leads to the fifth text box in the “Eligibility” stage, which reads “Full-text articles assessed for eligibility (n 1 equals 23 and n 2 equals 46).” A rightward arrow from the fifth text box leads to the sixth text box, which reads “Full-text articles excluded, with reasons (n 1 equals 14 and n 2 equals 34).” A downward arrow from the fifth text box leads to the seventh text box in the “Included” stage, which reads “Studies included based on full-text assessment (n 1 equals 9 and n 2 equals 12).” A downward arrow from the seventh text box leads to the eighth text box that reads “Studies included in qualitative synthesis (n 1equals 9 and n 2 equals 12).”PRISMA flow diagram. Source: Authors' own creation