Figure 4
The horizontal axis is labeled “Dim 1 (41.62 percent)” with an indistinct percent value and has markings ranging from negative 3 to 0 in increments of 1 unit. The vertical axis is labeled “Dim 2 (18.58 percent)” with an indistinct percent value and has markings ranging from negative 1 to 2 in increments of 1 unit. A vertical dashed line originates from 0 on the horizontal axis and extends vertically to the top of the vertical axis. A horizontal dashed line begins at 0 on the vertical axis and extends horizontally to the right end of the horizontal axis. These two dashed lines intersect within the plot area at (0, 0) and divide the graph into four quadrants. Within this plot, there are two inverted triangular shapes and one rhombus-shaped polygon, each formed by points aligned along the border and inside the shape. The points on the boundary of the first inverted triangle in the top-left quadrant, starting from the bottom and moving anticlockwise, are “bus transport,” “electric bus,” and “electric buses.” The second irregular inverted triangular shape is formed using points aligned along the border and inside the triangle. The points on the boundary of the triangle, starting from the bottom and moving anticlockwise, are “state of charge,” “electric vehicle charging,” “lithium ion batteries,” “transmission network,” “fossil fuels,” “fleet operations,” and “sensitivity analysis.” The points inside the triangle, moving from top to bottom, are as follows: “carbon,” “battery electric vehicles,” “investments,” “commerce,” “energy utilization,” “emission control,” “vehicles,” “secondary batteries,” “costs,” “battery electric vehicles 1,” “sales,” “electric utilities,” “vehicle routing,” “electric automobiles,” “vehicle to grid,” “sustainable development,” “charging infrastructures,” “electric power transmission,” “networks,” “charging batteries,” “EV,” “stochastic systems,” “electric vehicles EVs,” “decision making,” “electric power distribution,” “battery management systems,” “profitability,” “charging stations,” “electric vehicle charging infrastructures,” and “location.” The rhombus shape is on the bottom right side of the second inverted triangle. The points inside the triangle, moving from bottom to top and left to right, are as follows: “algorithm,” “transportation infrastructure,” “technology adoption,” “charging facility,” “integer programming,” “transportation planning,” “urban transport,” and “optimization.” In the top-left corner, an arrow symbol is shown with the text “gas emission” at the head of the arrow and “greenhouse gases” at the bottom of the arrow. In the bottom right corner, a blue shield-shaped logo contains the text “Bibliometrix.” Note: All numerical data values are approximated.Conceptual structure analysis. Source: Authors’ composition (Bibliometrix R studio)