Figure 2
The model shows three central ovals arranged vertically from top to bottom, labeled “Policy and Culture,” “Safety Measures,” and “Health and Hygiene Practices,” each connected to specific observed variables on the left. “Policy and Culture” connects with four left arrows to four left-side textboxes arranged vertically, labeled from top to bottom as “Workplace underscore respect,” “Superior underscore Support,” “Employer underscore Trust,” and “Job underscore Recognition,” with respective path coefficients of 0.96, 0.97, 0.74, and 0.66. Four vertically arranged small ovals labeled “e 1,” “e 2,” “e 3,” and “e 6,” are positioned on the left of the text box, “Workplace underscore respect,” “Superior underscore Support,” “Employer underscore Trust,” and “Job underscore Recognition” respectively. Four individual rightward arrows emerge from “e 1,” “e 2,” “e 3,” and “e 6,” and connect to “Workplace underscore respect,” “Superior underscore Support,” “Employer underscore Trust,” and “Job underscore Recognition” respectively. “Safety Measures” connects with three left arrows to three left-side textboxes arranged vertically, labeled from top to bottom as “Safety underscore Audits,” “Improving underscore Safety,” and “Solv underscore Saft underscore Hazrd,” with respective path coefficients of 0.75, 0.64, and 0.70. Three vertically arranged small ovals labeled “e 9,” “e 11,” and “e 12” are positioned to the left of the textboxes “Safety underscore Audits,” “Improving underscore Safety,” and “Solv underscore Saft underscore Hazrd” respectively. Three individual rightward arrows emerge from “e 9,” “e 11,” and “e 12” and connect to “Safety underscore Audits,” “Improving underscore Safety,” and “Solv underscore Saft underscore Hazrd” respectively. “Health and Hygiene practices” connects with three left arrows to three left-side textboxes arranged vertically, labeled from top to bottom as “Safe underscore Drinking underscore watr,” “Clean underscore toilt underscore bthrm,” and “Clean underscore basin underscore toiltsoap,” with respective path coefficients of 0.41, 0.71, and 0.84. Three vertically arranged small ovals labeled “e 13,” “e 16,” and “e 17” are positioned to the left of the textboxes “Safe underscore Drinking underscore watr,” “Clean underscore toilt underscore bthrm,” and “Clean underscore basin underscore toiltsoap” respectively. Three individual rightward arrows emerge from “e 13,” “e 16,” and “e 17” and connect to “Safe underscore Drinking underscore watr,” “Clean underscore toilt underscore bthrm,” and “Clean underscore basin underscore toiltsoap” respectively. “Policy and Culture” connects with a rightward arrow labeled 0.12, “Safety Measures” connects with a rightward arrow labeled 0.21, and “Health and Hygiene Practices” connects with the rightward arrow labeled 0.47, to a textbox on the right labeled “General underscore Health underscore Status.” A curved double-headed arrow labeled 0.10 connects “Policy and Culture” and “Safety Measures.” A curved double-headed arrow labeled negative 0.29 connects “Safety Measures” and “Health and Hygiene practices.” A curved double-headed arrow labeled 0.09 connects “Policy and Culture” and “Health and Hygiene practices.” Above “General underscore Health underscore Status,” a small oval labeled “e 18” is positioned, with a downward arrow connecting it to “General underscore Health underscore Status.”Measurement model with path analysis. Note: Minimum was achieved; Chi-square = 87.786; Degrees of freedom = 39; Probability level = 0.000. Source: Primary Survey (September 2023 to October 2023)