Figure 4
The framework shows two models. The top model contains three horizontally arranged text boxes labeled from left to right as “Limited Extraction (Regulated)”, “Efficient Utilization (Value - Added)”, and “Recycling and Restoration (Ecosystem)”. The left box labeled “Limited Extraction (Regulated)” connects with the middle text box labeled “Efficient Utilization (Value - Added)” with a rightward arrow. The middle text box connects to the right text box labeled “Recycling and Restoration (Ecosystem)” with a rightward arrow. The left text box is also connected to the right text box with a line labeled “Sustainable Regeneration Cycle”. Similarly, the bottom framework titled “Linear Economy Model (Indonesia - Current Policy)” contains three horizontally arranged text boxes labeled from left to right as “Large - Scale Extraction (Unregulated)”, “Raw Material Export (No Processing)”, and “Environmental Degradation (No Recovery)”. The left text box labeled “Large - Scale Extraction (Unregulated)” is connected to the center text box labeled “Raw Material Export (No Processing)” with a rightward arrow, and the center text box is connected to the right text box labeled “Environmental Degradation (No Recovery)” with a rightward arrow.Circular economy vs. linear economy models in sea sand management. Source: Adapted from Netherlands Circular Economy UN Environment Programme (2023)