Figure 2
The figure contains four scatter plots, organized in a two-by-two layout. In all the graphs, the scattered points are close to the start of the graph and spread out at higher values. Top left plot: The horizontal axis is labeled “indirect value added” and ranges from 0 to 50000000 in increments of 10000000. The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 50,000,000 in increments of 10,000,000. The legend below reads “Informal employment” (blue dots) and “indirect value added” (red dots). The blue line starts at (0, 0) and stays constant to end at (45788043, 0). The red line starts at (0, 0), increases with a positive slope to end at (45788043, 46698113). Top right plot: The horizontal axis is labeled “foreign value added” and ranges from 0 to 20000000 in increments of 5000000. The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 20,000,000 in increments of 5,000,000. The legend below reads “Informal employment” (blue dots) and “foreign value added” (yellow plus signs). The blue line starts at (0, 0) and stays constant to end at (21516043, 0). The yellow line starts at (0, 0), increases with a positive slope to end at (21574344, 21846153). Bottom left plot: The horizontal axis is labeled “domestic value added,” and ranges from 0 to 100000000 in increments of 20000000. The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 100,000,000 in increments of 20,000,000. The legend below reads “Informal employment” (blue dots) and “domestic value added” (green triangles). The blue line starts at (0, 0) and stays constant to end at (93750000, 0). The green line starts at (0, 0), increases with a positive slope to end at (93478260, 95283018). Bottom right plot: The horizontal axis is labeled “Index of participation in global value chains,” and ranges from 0 to 80000000 in increments of 20000000. The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 80,000,000 in increments of 20,000,000. The legend below reads “Informal employment” (blue dots) and “Index of participation in global va” (green squares). The blue line starts at (0, 0) and stays constant to end at (67291666, 0). The green line starts at (0, 0), increases with a positive slope to end at (67500000, 68190476).Scatterplot of informal employment and global value chains in SSA. Source: Authors. Data from the Shadow Economy and the UNCTAD-Eora Global Value Chain Database