Figure 2
The model is divided into four external levels of technology, surrounding a central circular model of risk factors. The innermost box is labeled “Individual risk factors.” This box is surrounded by an inner ring labeled with three categories, connected by curved, bidirectional arrows: “Physical,” “Psychological,” and “Behavioural.” The inner risk circle is surrounded by an outer ring, representing contextual levels, connected by curved, bidirectional arrows: “Individual characteristics” (at the top left), “Organizational level” (on the right), and “Societal level” (at the bottom left) The central model is surrounded by four labeled boxes representing different technology integration levels. Level 1: MATERIAL PROCESSING (Top Left): Examples include “A G V,” “Robots,” “Cobots,” “C N C,” “Digital manufacturing.” Level 2: INFORMATION PROCESSING (Top Right): Examples include “A I,” “Big data,” “Cloud computing,” “Digital twin,” “Smart wearables.” Level 3: WORKER PROCESSING (Bottom Center): Examples include “A R slash V R slash X R,” “Exoskeletons,” “Human-systems integration.” Level 4: OTHER INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES (Bottom Left): Examples include “Internet of things (IoT).” A dashed line pointing to the outer ring is labeled “Antecedents of risks.”Human-centric illustration of levels of risks related to 15.0 risks for a digital innovation management