Figure 1
The figure shows a layered, colour-coded conceptual model describing musculoskeletal health progression. On the left, seven sections are shown, and the sections are labeled from top to bottom as follows: “I C F: BODY STRUCTURE and FUNCTION”, “I C F: ACTIVITY”, and “I C F: PARTICIPATION”, “Co-morbidities”, “M S K HEALTH TRAVELLATOR”, “PREVENTION CONTINUUM”, and “SITES OF CARE”. The three I C F domains “I C F: BODY STRUCTURE and FUNCTION”, “I C F: ACTIVITY”, and “I C F: PARTICIPATION” each align horizontally with a row of coloured rectangular segments that depict health states worsening from left to right. The first section for “I C F: BODY STRUCTURE and FUNCTION”, the leftmost segment contains the text “Strong bones, Healthy joints, Strong Muscles, and Good balance” with icons of healthy bone and an arm flexing the muscles. Moving right, a second segment labeled “Osteoporosis, Early arthritis, Sarcopaenia, and Imbalance” shows a fractured bone and muscle imbalance in the arm. The next third segment lists “Fragility fractures, End-stage arthritis, Severe sarcopaenia, and Frequent falls” with an icon of a person falling. The rightmost and the fourth segment reads “Chronic pain, and Immobility-related sequelae” and includes an icon of a person lying in bed and a person with hands on their back due to back pain. Directly underneath, in the second section for “I C F: ACTIVITY”, three segments are shown. The leftmost segment states “No mobility issues, and A D L-independent” with a man hiking a flat peak icon. The next segment states “Use of mobility aids, and A D L-assisted” with two people standing together, one holding a cane and another helping the one holding the cane. The rightmost red segment reads “Wheelchair or Bed-bound, and A D L-dependent” with an icon showing a wheelchair user assisted by a caregiver. The third section for “I C F: PARTICIPATION” contains three segments. The left segment reads “Socially connected, and High participation” with a group of 3 people icon. The next segment states “Loneliness, and Reduced participation” accompanied by a seated, withdrawn figure. The final segment reads “Socially isolated, and Poor participation” with a house icon with one individual figure representing isolation. The fourth section, labeled “Co-morbidities”, shows a gradient bar stretching across the figure from a line to a wider section as it moves toward the left. At the far right end of this bar, the text “Increasing Metabolic and Mental Health issues” is displayed. The fifth section is labeled “M S K HEALTH TRAVELLATOR”. It includes five sequential panels progressing from left to right: “LIVING WELL”, showing a young adult running; “LIVING WITH ILLNESS”, showing a person walking with assistance; “CRISIS and COMPLEX CARE”, showing a person falling backward; “LIVING WITH FRAILTY”, showing a caregiver assisting a wheelchair user; and “LEAVING WELL”, showing a person receiving end-of-life care in bed with a clinician beside them. The sixth section is labeled “PREVENTION CONTINUUM”, represented by three large upward-pointing arrows. The green arrow is labeled “PRIMARY PREVENTION”, the yellow-orange arrow is labeled “SECONDARY PREVENTION”, and the dark-red arrow is labeled “TERTIARY PREVENTION”. The seventh section is labeled “SITES OF CARE” and shows three layers of green horizontal bars showing where care occurs. On the first layer, three horizontal bars are shown. The horizontal bar on the left is labeled “Community (Schools, Workplaces, Ageing Centres)” and followed by the space in the middle, and on the right, two horizontal bars are shown labeled “Community (Rehabilitation)” followed by “Community (Care Facilities)”. The second layer shows a large horizontal bar labeled “Primary Care” in the middle. The third layer shows another larger dark-green bar labeled “Tertiary Care” extending beneath the rightmost portion.Integrated musculoskeletal health life-course framework