Figure 1
The map shows the central city of Guangzhou, marked prominently in the middle, surrounded by Foshan, Shilong, Dongguan, Guangdong, Humen, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Danshui, Shenzhen, Luoyang, Huizhou, Pingshan, Hong Kong, Shanwei, Zhuhai, Macao, Sanbu, Kaiping, Enping, Yunfu, Zhaoqing, and Qingyuan. Major highways like S 26, G 2518, S 32, S 3213, G 107, S 2, G 45, G 220, G 355, G 35, S 6, and G 25 run through the region, connecting these urban centers and surrounding areas.Location of China’s GBA. Source: Google map (2025)