Figure 1
The flowchart consists of five dashed rectangles arranged horizontally and connected by rightward arrows labeled from left to right as follows: “Background,” “System,” “Practice,” “Influence,” and “Result.” “Background” consists of three text boxes arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Society,” “System,” and “Culture.” A double-headed arrow between “Society” and “System” is labeled “difference.” A double-headed arrow between “System” and “Culture” is labeled “difference.” “System” consists of two text boxes arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Urban planning system A” and “Urban planning system B.” A double-headed arrow between “Urban planning system A” and “Urban planning system B” is labeled “difference.” “Practice” consists of two text boxes arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Coordination (effective communication)” and “Incoordination (ineffective communication).” “Influence” consists of two text boxes arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Reduce differences in practice” and “Amplifying practice differences.” “Results” consists of two text boxes arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Successful cooperation” and “Collaboration Failure.”Cross-border planning coordination mechanism. Source: By authors